返す
Appearance
See also: 返る
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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返 |
かえ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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反す (rare) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「返す」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
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Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
返す | かえす | [káꜜèsù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 返せ | かえせ | [káꜜèsè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 返される | かえされる | [kàésáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 返させる | かえさせる | [kàésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 返せる | かえせる | [kàéséꜜrù] |
Volitional | 返そう | かえそー | [kàésóꜜò] |
Negative | 返さない | かえさない | [kàésáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 返さなかった | かえさなかった | [kàésáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 返します | かえします | [kàéshímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 返した | かえした | [káꜜèshìtà] |
Conjunctive | 返して | かえして | [káꜜèshìtè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 返せば | かえせば | [káꜜèsèbà] |
Verb
[edit]返す • (kaesu) ←かへす (kafesu)?transitive godan (stem 返し (kaeshi), past 返した (kaeshita))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 返す |
mediopassive | 返る |
- to return (something)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "返す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 返さ | かえさ | kaesa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 返し | かえし | kaeshi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 返す | かえす | kaesu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 返す | かえす | kaesu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 返せ | かえせ | kaese |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 返せ | かえせ | kaese |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 返される | かえされる | kaesareru |
Causative | 返させる 返さす |
かえさせる かえさす |
kaesaseru kaesasu |
Potential | 返せる | かえせる | kaeseru |
Volitional | 返そう | かえそう | kaesō |
Negative | 返さない | かえさない | kaesanai |
Negative continuative | 返さず | かえさず | kaesazu |
Formal | 返します | かえします | kaeshimasu |
Perfective | 返した | かえした | kaeshita |
Conjunctive | 返して | かえして | kaeshite |
Hypothetical conditional | 返せば | かえせば | kaeseba |
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 返さ | かへさ | kafesa |
Continuative (連用形) | 返し | かへし | kafesi |
Terminal (終止形) | 返す | かへす | kafesu |
Attributive (連体形) | 返す | かへす | kafesu |
Realis (已然形) | 返せ | かへせ | kafese |
Imperative (命令形) | 返せ | かへせ | kafese |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 返さず | かへさず | kafesazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 返せど | かへせど | kafesedo |
Causal conjunction | 返せば | かへせば | kafeseba |
Conditional conjunction | 返さば | かへさば | kafesaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 返しき | かへしき | kafesiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 返しけり | かへしけり | kafesikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 返しつ | かへしつ | kafesitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 返しぬ | かへしぬ | kafesinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 返せり 返したり |
かへせり かへしたり |
kafeseri kafesitari |
Volitional | 返さむ | かへさむ | kafesamu |
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]返す • (-kaesu) ←かへす (-kafesu)?godan (stem 返し (-kaeshi), past 返した (-kaeshita))
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 返 read as かえ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -su
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese suffixes