辛うじて

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
かろ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

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Shift from 辛くして (karaku shite, literally, doing with difficulty),[1][2][3][4][5] from 辛く (karaku, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, adverbial form) of adjective 辛い (karai)) +‎ して (shite, -te conjunctive form of verb する (suru)).

/karaku//karau//karoː/

辛く (karaku) shifted to かろう (karō) in a process called ウ音便 (u-onbin). Compare ありがとう (arigatō) from ありがたく (arigataku) and おはよう (ohayō) from おはやく (o-hayaku).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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(かろ)うじて (karōjiteからうじて (karauzite)?

  1. barely, narrowly, by a narrow margin, just enough

References

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  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. 6.0 6.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN