躊躇う
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
躊 | 躇 |
ためら | |
Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
jukujikun |
Etymology
[edit]Derived from verb ためる (tameru, “to correct, to train, to reform”, spelled variously in kanji as 矯める, 揉める, 撓める), as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) tamera- + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u): “to be in the act of correction, to make something stay corrected”.[1]
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躊躇/踌躇 (chóuchú).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「ためらう」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
ためらう | ためらう | [tàméráꜜù] |
Imperative (命令形) | ためらえ | ためらえ | [tàméráꜜè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | ためらわれる | ためらわれる | [tàméráwáréꜜrù] |
Causative | ためらわせる | ためらわせる | [tàméráwáséꜜrù] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | ためらおう | ためらおー | [tàméráóꜜò] |
Negative | ためらわない | ためらわない | [tàméráwáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | ためらわなかった | ためらわなかった | [tàméráwáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | ためらいます | ためらいます | [tàméráímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | ためらった | ためらった | [tàméráꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | ためらって | ためらって | [tàméráꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | ためらえば | ためらえば | [tàméráꜜèbà] |
Verb
[edit]躊躇う • (tamerau) ←ためらふ (tamerafu)?transitive godan (stem 躊躇い (tamerai), past 躊躇った (tameratta))
- to quell or restrain disordered emotions, such as due to high spirits or sadness: to calm one's feelings
- to ease or alleviate the symptoms of disease
- by extension from sense 1, to take the time to think things through calmly before making a decision: to ponder something, to consider something
- to calmly observe something
躊躇う • (tamerau) ←ためらふ (tamerafu)?intransitive godan (stem 躊躇い (tamerai), past 躊躇った (tameratta))
Usage notes
[edit]The intransitive sense of "to hesitate" appears to be the most common sense in modern Japanese.
Due to the complicated stroke order of the kanji, this word is often spelled in hiragana.
Conjugation
[edit]Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 躊躇わ | ためらわ | tamerawa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 躊躇い | ためらい | tamerai |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 躊躇う | ためらう | tamerau |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 躊躇う | ためらう | tamerau |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 躊躇え | ためらえ | tamerae |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 躊躇え | ためらえ | tamerae |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 躊躇われる | ためらわれる | tamerawareru |
Causative | 躊躇わせる 躊躇わす |
ためらわせる ためらわす |
tamerawaseru tamerawasu |
Potential | 躊躇える | ためらえる | tameraeru |
Volitional | 躊躇おう | ためらおう | tameraō |
Negative | 躊躇わない | ためらわない | tamerawanai |
Negative continuative | 躊躇わず | ためらわず | tamerawazu |
Formal | 躊躇います | ためらいます | tameraimasu |
Perfective | 躊躇った | ためらった | tameratta |
Conjunctive | 躊躇って | ためらって | tameratte |
Hypothetical conditional | 躊躇えば | ためらえば | tameraeba |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 躊躇い (tamerai): hesitation
References
[edit]- Japanese terms spelled with 躊
- Japanese terms spelled with 躇
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -u
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese intransitive verbs