苦讀

See also: 苦读

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	to read; to study; comma to read; to study; comma; phrase marked by pause
trad. (苦讀)		苦	讀
simp. (苦读)		苦	读

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔdú

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄉㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² duk⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ku³ tug⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-tho̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǔdú
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄉㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǔdú
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu³-tu²
    • Yale: kǔ-dú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuudwu
    • Palladius: куду (kudu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² duk⁶
    • Yale: fú duhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² duk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² dug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ tʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ku³ tug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ tʰʊk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-tho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-tho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoftok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔk̚⁴/

Verb

苦讀

1. to study hard

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (苦讀):

• → Vietnamese: khổ độc (苦讀)