苦苦

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (苦苦)		苦	苦
simp. #(苦苦)		苦	苦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔkǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄎㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² fu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fú-fú / khú-khú
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-khó͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǔkǔ [Phonetic: kúkǔ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄎㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǔkǔ
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu³-kʻu³
    • Yale: kǔ-kǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuukuu
    • Palladius: куку (kuku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² fu²
    • Yale: fú fú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² fu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² fu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ fuː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fú-fú / khú-khú
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˋ fu^ˋ / ku^ˋ ku^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu³ fu³ / ku³ ku³
    • Sinological IPA: /fu³¹ fu³¹/, /kʰu³¹ kʰu³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-khó͘
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-khóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofqor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adverb

苦苦

1. painfully; with a lot of difficulty
2. painstakingly; persistingly; strenuously