秀でる
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 秀 |
| ひい Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From 下二段 (shimo nidan) verb 秀づ (hīzu), which comes from a shift from 穂 (ho) + 出づ (izu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]秀でる • (hīderu) intransitive ichidan (stem 秀で (hīde), past 秀でた (hīdeta))
- surpass, stand out, be proficient, shine, excel
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "秀でる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 秀で | ひいで | hīde | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 秀で | ひいで | hīde | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 秀でる | ひいでる | hīderu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 秀でる | ひいでる | hīderu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 秀でれ | ひいでれ | hīdere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 秀でよ¹ 秀でろ² |
ひいでよ¹ ひいでろ² |
hīdeyo¹ hīdero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 秀でられる | ひいでられる | hīderareru | |
| Causative | 秀でさせる 秀でさす |
ひいでさせる ひいでさす |
hīdesaseru hīdesasu | |
| Potential | 秀でられる 秀でれる³ |
ひいでられる ひいでれる³ |
hīderareru hīdereru³ | |
| Volitional | 秀でよう | ひいでよう | hīdeyō | |
| Negative | 秀でない 秀でぬ 秀でん |
ひいでない ひいでぬ ひいでん |
hīdenai hīdenu hīden | |
| Negative continuative | 秀でず | ひいでず | hīdezu | |
| Formal | 秀でます | ひいでます | hīdemasu | |
| Perfective | 秀でた | ひいでた | hīdeta | |
| Conjunctive | 秀でて | ひいでて | hīdete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 秀でれば | ひいでれば | hīdereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN