福建

Chinese

		good fortune; happiness; luck good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname	to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct
simp. and trad. (福建)		福	建

Etymology

Short for 福州 (Fúzhōu) + 建州 (Jiànzhōu), two ancient prefectures in modern Fujian. Coined with the establishment of 福建路 (“Fujian Circuit”) in 985 CE by the Northern Song court.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Fújiàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fuk¹ gin³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk² gen⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): fuh⁶ jien
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Fuk-kien / Fuk-kian

  (Hailu, HRS): fug gien^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fug⁵ gian⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): Hók-gióng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horh⁶ goeng⁴ / horh⁶ gyeng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Hok-kiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴ giêng³ / hog⁴ giang³

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷foq-ci₅ / ⁷foq-cie₅

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Fújiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Fújiàn
    • Wade–Giles: Fu²-chien⁴
    • Yale: Fú-jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwujiann
    • Palladius: Фуцзянь (Fuczjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fuk¹ gin³
    • Yale: fūk gin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷ gin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug¹ gin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵ kiːn³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fuuk² gen⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵk̚⁵⁵ ken³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fuh⁶ jien
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuʔ⁵ t͡ɕiɛn²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fuk-kien
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug^ˋ gien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² ki̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fuk-kian
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug^ˋ gian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² ki̯an⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug gien^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk⁵⁻² kien¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fug⁵ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fʊk̚¹ kian⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Hók-gióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kyɔŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶ goeng⁴ [Phonetic: horh⁷ goeng⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Ho̤h-ge̤̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ kœŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶ gyeng⁴ [Phonetic: horh⁷ gyeng⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ²⁻²⁴ kyøŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn
    • Tâi-lô: Hok-kiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hokkiexn
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Penang): /hɔk̚³⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁴ giêng³ / hog⁴ giang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok kièng / hok kiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²⁻⁴ kieŋ²¹³/, /hok̚²⁻⁴ kiaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• hog4 giêng3 - Chaozhou;
• hog4 giang3 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷foq-ci₅
    • MiniDict: foh^入 ci^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴foq-ji₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foʔ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Jiaxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁷foq-cie₅
    • MiniDict: foh^入 cie^去
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /foʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕie²¹/

Proper noun

福建

1. (～省) Fujian, Fukien (a province of China; capital: Fuzhou)

Usage notes

Kinmen (Quemoy) and Lienchiang (Matsu) counties, offshore island groups governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), are excluded or included based on the context.

Derived terms

• 福建人 (Fújiànrén)
• 福建子
• 福建幫 / 福建帮 (fújiànbāng)
• 福建水師 / 福建水师 (Fújiàn Shuǐshī)
• 福建炒飯 / 福建炒饭 (Fújiàn chǎofàn)
• 福建船 (fújiànchuán)
• 福建話 / 福建话 (fújiànhuà)
• 福建麵 / 福建面 (Fújiànmiàn)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (福建):

• → Japanese: 福(ふっ)建(けん) (Fukken)
• → Okinawan: 福(ふ)建(ちゃん) (Fuchan)
• → Korean: 복건(福建) (Bokgeon)
• → Vietnamese: Phúc Kiến (福建)

Others:

• → English: Fujian, Fuhkien, Fukien, Fu-chien, Fookien, Fokien, Hokkien
• → Georgian: ფუძიენი (puʒieni)
• → Khmer: ហុកកៀន (hokkiən)
• → Korean: 푸젠 (Pujen)
• → Malay: Fujian, Hokkien, Hokkian
• → Russian: Фуцзя́нь (Fuczjánʹ), фуцзя́нец (fuczjánec)
• → Spanish: Fujian, Fokien, Fukién
• → Tagalog: Fukien, Hokkien
• → Thai: ฝูเจี้ยน, ฮกเกี้ยน

Japanese

Kanji in this term
福	建
ふく > ふっ Grade: 3	けん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
福建 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟k̚kẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

福(ふっ)建(けん) • (Fukken) 

1. Fujian (a province of China)

Derived terms

• 福(ふっ)建(けん)語(ご) (fukkengo)

Korean

Hanja in this term
福	建

Proper noun

福建 • (Bokgeon) (hangeul 복건)

1. hanja form^? of 복건 (“Fujian”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
福	建
Grade: 3	Grade: 4

Alternative spelling
福建 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸut͡ɕaŋ̍/

Proper noun

福建(ふちゃん) (Fuchan) 

1. Fujian (a province of China)

References

• “フチャン” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
福	建

Proper noun

福建

1. chữ Hán form of Phúc Kiến (“Fujian”).