研磨
Appearance
See also: 硏磨
Chinese
[edit]grind fine; study; research | grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (研磨) | 研 | 磨 | |
simp. #(研磨) | 研 | 磨 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yánmó
- Wade–Giles: yen2-mo2
- Yale: yán-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanmo
- Palladius: яньмо (janʹmo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngaan4 mo4
- Yale: ngàahn mòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaan4 mo4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngan4 mo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
[edit]研磨
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
研 | 磨 |
けん Grade: 3 |
ま Grade: S |
kan'yōon | goon |
Alternative spellings |
---|
硏磨 (kyūjitai) 研摩 |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 研磨機 (kenmaki)
Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]研磨する • (kenma suru) transitive suru (stem 研磨し (kenma shi), past 研磨した (kenma shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "研磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 研磨し | けんまし | kenma shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 研磨し | けんまし | kenma shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 研磨する | けんまする | kenma suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 研磨する | けんまする | kenma suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 研磨すれ | けんますれ | kenma sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 研磨せよ¹ 研磨しろ² |
けんませよ¹ けんましろ² |
kenma seyo¹ kenma shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 研磨される | けんまされる | kenma sareru | |
Causative | 研磨させる 研磨さす |
けんまさせる けんまさす |
kenma saseru kenma sasu | |
Potential | 研磨できる | けんまできる | kenma dekiru | |
Volitional | 研磨しよう | けんましよう | kenma shiyō | |
Negative | 研磨しない | けんましない | kenma shinai | |
Negative continuative | 研磨せず | けんませず | kenma sezu | |
Formal | 研磨します | けんまします | kenma shimasu | |
Perfective | 研磨した | けんました | kenma shita | |
Conjunctive | 研磨して | けんまして | kenma shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 研磨すれば | けんますれば | kenma sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 研
- Chinese terms spelled with 磨
- Japanese terms spelled with 研 read as けん
- Japanese terms spelled with 磨 read as ま
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese suru verbs