生硬
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw |
hard; stiff; strong hard; stiff; strong; firm | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (生硬) |
生 | 硬 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saang1 ngaang6
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ-ngǐ / chhiⁿ-ngī / chheⁿ-ngēe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shengyìng
- Wade–Giles: shêng1-ying4
- Yale: shēng-yìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengyinq
- Palladius: шэнъин (šɛnʺin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: saang1 ngaang6
- Yale: sāang ngaahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: saang1 ngaang6
- Guangdong Romanization: sang1 ngang6
- Sinological IPA (key): /saːŋ⁵⁵ ŋaːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ-ngǐ
- Tâi-lô: tshinn-ngǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰĩ³³ ŋĩ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ-ngī
- Tâi-lô: tshinn-ngī
- Phofsit Daibuun: chvingi
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋĩ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ-ngēe
- Tâi-lô: tshenn-ngēe
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² ŋɛ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Adjective
[edit]生硬
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
生 | 硬 |
せい Grade: 1 |
こう Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 生硬 (ʃˠæŋ ŋˠɛŋH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]生硬 • (seikō) ←せいかう (seikau)?-na (adnominal 生硬な (seikō na), adverbial 生硬に (seikō ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 生硬
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 生硬だろ | せいこうだろ | seikō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 生硬で | せいこうで | seikō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 生硬だ | せいこうだ | seikō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 生硬な | せいこうな | seikō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 生硬なら | せいこうなら | seikō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 生硬であれ | せいこうであれ | seikō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 生硬ではない 生硬じゃない |
せいこうではない せいこうじゃない |
seikō de wa nai seikō ja nai |
Informal past | 生硬だった | せいこうだった | seikō datta |
Informal negative past | 生硬ではなかった 生硬じゃなかった |
せいこうではなかった せいこうじゃなかった |
seikō de wa nakatta seikō ja nakatta |
Formal | 生硬です | せいこうです | seikō desu |
Formal negative | 生硬ではありません 生硬じゃありません |
せいこうではありません せいこうじゃありません |
seikō de wa arimasen seikō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 生硬でした | せいこうでした | seikō deshita |
Formal negative past | 生硬ではありませんでした 生硬じゃありませんでした |
せいこうではありませんでした せいこうじゃありませんでした |
seikō de wa arimasen deshita seikō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 生硬で | せいこうで | seikō de |
Conditional | 生硬なら(ば) | せいこうなら(ば) | seikō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 生硬だったら | せいこうだったら | seikō dattara |
Volitional | 生硬だろう | せいこうだろう | seikō darō |
Adverbial | 生硬に | せいこうに | seikō ni |
Degree | 生硬さ | せいこうさ | seikōsa |
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 生
- Chinese terms spelled with 硬
- Japanese terms spelled with 生 read as せい
- Japanese terms spelled with 硬 read as こう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns