生ゆ

Japanese

Kanji in this term
生
は Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.

Analyzable as ha (probably cognate with 葉 (ha, “leaf”), 歯 (ha, “tooth”), with a common sense of “sprout”) + ゆ (yu, verb-forming suffix deriving from Old Japanese, indicating spontaneous, passive, or potential action; compare 見ゆ (miyu), older form of modern 見える (mieru, “to be able to see; to seem”)).

Also cognate with Old Japanese and Classical 映ゆ (hayu, “to appear, to come into view”), modern 映える (haeru).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠jɯ̟]

Verb

生(は)ゆ • (hayu) intransitive ^†nidan

1. (archaic) to grow, sprout

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "生ゆ" (ヤ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	生え	はえ	fae
Continuative (連用形)	生え	はえ	fae
Terminal (終止形)	生ゆ	はゆ	fayu
Attributive (連体形)	生ゆる	はゆる	fayuru
Realis (已然形)	生ゆれ	はゆれ	fayure
Imperative (命令形)	生えよ	はえよ	faeyo
Key constructions
Negative	生えず	はえず	faezu
Contrasting conjunction	生ゆれど	はゆれど	fayuredo
Causal conjunction	生ゆれば	はゆれば	fayureba
Conditional conjunction	生えば	はえば	faeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	生えき	はえき	faeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	生えけり	はえけり	faekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	生えつ	はえつ	faetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	生えぬ	はえぬ	faenu
Perfect-continuative tense	生えたり	はえたり	faetari
Volitional	生えむ	はえむ	faemu

Derived terms

• 生(は)えす (haesu, “to sprout, to grow”, intransitive; rare, possibly obsolete)
• 生(は)える (haeru, “to sprout, to grow”, intransitive; modern form)
• 生(は)やす (hayasu, “to make something grow”, transitive; modern form)

Old Japanese

Verb

生ゆ (payu) (kana はゆ)

1. to grow, sprout

Derived terms

• 生𛀁す (payesu)

Descendants

• Japanese: 生える (haeru)