玉砕
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
玉 | 砕 |
ぎょく Grade: 1 |
さい Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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玉碎 (kyūjitai) 玉摧 |
Etymology
[edit]From the Chinese idiom 寧可玉碎,不能瓦全. Literally means "broken piece of jade".
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- dying in an honorable defeat
- Antonym: 瓦全
- (colloquial) trying but being utterly beaten; being completely rejected when professing one's love
Usage notes
[edit]- Especially associated with suicide attacks by the Japanese military in World War II.
Verb
[edit]玉砕する • (gyokusai suru) suru (stem 玉砕し (gyokusai shi), past 玉砕した (gyokusai shita))
- to die in an honorable defeat
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "玉砕する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 玉砕し | ぎょくさいし | gyokusai shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 玉砕し | ぎょくさいし | gyokusai shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 玉砕する | ぎょくさいする | gyokusai suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 玉砕する | ぎょくさいする | gyokusai suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 玉砕すれ | ぎょくさいすれ | gyokusai sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 玉砕せよ¹ 玉砕しろ² |
ぎょくさいせよ¹ ぎょくさいしろ² |
gyokusai seyo¹ gyokusai shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 玉砕される | ぎょくさいされる | gyokusai sareru | |
Causative | 玉砕させる 玉砕さす |
ぎょくさいさせる ぎょくさいさす |
gyokusai saseru gyokusai sasu | |
Potential | 玉砕できる | ぎょくさいできる | gyokusai dekiru | |
Volitional | 玉砕しよう | ぎょくさいしよう | gyokusai shiyō | |
Negative | 玉砕しない | ぎょくさいしない | gyokusai shinai | |
Negative continuative | 玉砕せず | ぎょくさいせず | gyokusai sezu | |
Formal | 玉砕します | ぎょくさいします | gyokusai shimasu | |
Perfective | 玉砕した | ぎょくさいした | gyokusai shita | |
Conjunctive | 玉砕して | ぎょくさいして | gyokusai shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 玉砕すれば | ぎょくさいすれば | gyokusai sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 玉 read as ぎょく
- Japanese terms spelled with 砕 read as さい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese colloquialisms
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- ja:Death
- ja:Military
- ja:War