流暢
Appearance
See also: 流畅
Chinese
[edit]to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move |
smooth; fluent; joyful smooth; fluent; joyful; happy | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (流暢) | 流 | 暢 | |
simp. (流畅) | 流 | 畅 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lau4 coeng3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-thiòng / liû-thiàng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄔㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lióuchàng
- Wade–Giles: liu2-chʻang4
- Yale: lyóu-chàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liouchanq
- Palladius: лючан (ljučan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lau4 coeng3
- Yale: làuh cheung
- Cantonese Pinyin: lau4 tsoeng3
- Guangdong Romanization: leo4 cêng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-thiòng
- Tâi-lô: liû-thiòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: liu'tioxng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² tʰiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-thiàng
- Tâi-lô: liû-thiàng
- Phofsit Daibuun: liu'tiaxng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² tʰiaŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Adjective
[edit]流暢
Synonyms
[edit]- (fluent): 流利 (liúlì)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
流 | 暢 |
りゅう Grade: 3 |
ちょう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]流暢 • (ryūchō) ←りうちやう (riutyau)?
Adjective
[edit]流暢 • (ryūchō) ←りうちやう (riutyau)?-na (adnominal 流暢な (ryūchō na), adverbial 流暢に (ryūchō ni))
- (of one's language ability) fluent
- Synonym: ぺらぺら
- この利用者は流暢な日本語を話します。
- Kono riyōsha wa ryūchō na nihongo o hanashimasu.
- This user speaks fluent Japanese.
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 流暢
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 流暢だろ | りゅうちょうだろ | ryūchō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 流暢で | りゅうちょうで | ryūchō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 流暢だ | りゅうちょうだ | ryūchō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 流暢な | りゅうちょうな | ryūchō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 流暢なら | りゅうちょうなら | ryūchō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 流暢であれ | りゅうちょうであれ | ryūchō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 流暢ではない 流暢じゃない |
りゅうちょうではない りゅうちょうじゃない |
ryūchō de wa nai ryūchō ja nai |
Informal past | 流暢だった | りゅうちょうだった | ryūchō datta |
Informal negative past | 流暢ではなかった 流暢じゃなかった |
りゅうちょうではなかった りゅうちょうじゃなかった |
ryūchō de wa nakatta ryūchō ja nakatta |
Formal | 流暢です | りゅうちょうです | ryūchō desu |
Formal negative | 流暢ではありません 流暢じゃありません |
りゅうちょうではありません りゅうちょうじゃありません |
ryūchō de wa arimasen ryūchō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 流暢でした | りゅうちょうでした | ryūchō deshita |
Formal negative past | 流暢ではありませんでした 流暢じゃありませんでした |
りゅうちょうではありませんでした りゅうちょうじゃありませんでした |
ryūchō de wa arimasen deshita ryūchō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 流暢で | りゅうちょうで | ryūchō de |
Conditional | 流暢なら(ば) | りゅうちょうなら(ば) | ryūchō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 流暢だったら | りゅうちょうだったら | ryūchō dattara |
Volitional | 流暢だろう | りゅうちょうだろう | ryūchō darō |
Adverbial | 流暢に | りゅうちょうに | ryūchō ni |
Degree | 流暢さ | りゅうちょうさ | ryūchōsa |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
流 | 暢 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 流
- Chinese terms spelled with 暢
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 流 read as りゅう
- Japanese terms spelled with 暢 read as ちょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms