汗青

Chinese

		perspiration; sweat	green (blue, black); Qinghai province (abbrev.)
trad. (汗青)		汗	青
simp. #(汗青)		汗	青

Etymology

Literally: sweat and the color green. In Ancient China, before the paper was invented, writing was recorded on rectangular tablets made from either wood or bamboo called slips. The bamboo chosen for this purpose was usually green. It was put through a dehydration process that 'sweated out' the moisture from it making it more suitable for writing as well as for warding out insects and keeping it dry.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hànqīng

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁶ cing¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hànqīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàncing
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴-chʻing¹
    • Yale: hàn-chīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hannching
    • Palladius: ханьцин (xanʹcin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hon⁶ cing¹
    • Yale: hohn chīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁶ tsing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon⁶ qing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hanH tsheng

Rime
Character	汗	青
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	侯旰切	倉經切
Baxter	hanH	tsheng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑnH/	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑnH/	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑnH/	/t͡sʰɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦanH/	/t͡sʰɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɑnH/	/t͡sʰeŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑnH/	/t͡sʰieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑnH/	/t͡sʰieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	qīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon6	cing1

Noun

汗青

1. (archaic) bamboo slip
2. (literary) chronicles, annals, history

   • 人生自古誰無死？留取丹心照汗青。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1279, 文天祥 (Wen Tianxiang) 《過零丁洋》

     Rénshēng zìgǔ shéi wú sǐ? Liú qǔ dānxīn zhào hànqīng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (bamboo slip): 竹簡／竹简 (zhújiǎn), 簡牘／简牍 (jiǎndú)
• (chronicles): 史冊／史册 (shǐcè)