挿げる
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Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 挿 |
| す Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 插げる (kyūjitai) 箝げる |
Etymology
[edit]Regular shift from classical form 挿ぐ (sugu).[1][2][3][4]
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
First cited to a text from 850.[2]
Probably cognate with verb 過ぎる (sugiru, “to pass by; to exceed, to surpass”, classical form sugu), adverb 直ぐ (sugu, “straight through”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]挿げる • (sugeru) transitive ichidan (stem 挿げ (suge), past 挿げた (sugeta))
- [from 850] to open a hole in something and pass through a string or cord as a fastening
- [from 1221] to insert or fit something into something else, such as a mortise and tenon joint
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "挿げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 挿げ | すげ | suge | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 挿げ | すげ | suge | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 挿げる | すげる | sugeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 挿げる | すげる | sugeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 挿げれ | すげれ | sugere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 挿げよ¹ 挿げろ² |
すげよ¹ すげろ² |
sugeyo¹ sugero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 挿げられる | すげられる | sugerareru | |
| Causative | 挿げさせる 挿げさす |
すげさせる すげさす |
sugesaseru sugesasu | |
| Potential | 挿げられる 挿げれる³ |
すげられる すげれる³ |
sugerareru sugereru³ | |
| Volitional | 挿げよう | すげよう | sugeyō | |
| Negative | 挿げない 挿げぬ 挿げん |
すげない すげぬ すげん |
sugenai sugenu sugen | |
| Negative continuative | 挿げず | すげず | sugezu | |
| Formal | 挿げます | すげます | sugemasu | |
| Perfective | 挿げた | すげた | sugeta | |
| Conjunctive | 挿げて | すげて | sugete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 挿げれば | すげれば | sugereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 挿げ替える (sugekaeru)
References
[edit]- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “挿・箝”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “挿げる”, in デジタル大辞泉[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN