悩める
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 悩 |
| なや Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 惱める (kyūjitai) |
Etymology 1
[edit]From 悩む (nayamu, “to be vexed, to be bothered about something; to suffer physical distress”), as a regular shift to the 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) conjugation pattern.[1][2][3] Compare a similar shift for つく (tsuku, “to stick to something”, intransitive) and つける (tsukeru, “to stick something to something else”, transitive).
First cited to 1563.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]- [from 1563] (transitive) to vex, to annoy, to cause distress, to make someone suffer
- [from 1921] (intransitive, rare) to be vexed, to be bothered about something, to be distressed about something
Usage notes
[edit]Much like root verb 悩む (nayamu), this derivative nayameru has been used with both transitive and intransitive senses. The transitive sense appears to be far more common.
Etymology 2
[edit]Ultimately from 悩む (nayamu) in the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of nayami + stative / resultative copula あり (ari, “to be”), in the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive”) conjugation. See further sound-shift details at り#Japanese:_ri-verb-suffix.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]- the adnominal or attributive form of stative / resultative 悩めり (nayameri, “has been vexed”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “悩”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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