微弱

Chinese

		tiny; minute; clandestine tiny; minute; clandestine; hide; elegant; exquisite	weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior
trad. (微弱)		微	弱
simp. ^#(微弱)		微	弱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wēiruò, wéiruò

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟㄖㄨㄛˋ, ㄨㄟˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴ joek⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bî-jio̍k / bî-lio̍k / bî-jia̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wēiruò
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟㄖㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: weiruò
  - Wade–Giles: wei¹-jo⁴
  - Yale: wēi-rwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ueiruoh
  - Palladius: вэйжо (vɛjžo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéiruò
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéiruò
  - Wade–Giles: wei²-jo⁴
  - Yale: wéi-rwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weiruoh
  - Palladius: вэйжо (vɛjžo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁴ joek⁶
  - Yale: mèih yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴ joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴ yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹ jœːk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî-jio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bî-jio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bijiok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³⁻³³ ziɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî-lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bî-lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biliok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi²⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi²⁴⁻²² liɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî-jia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bî-jia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bijiak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³⁻²² d͡ziak̚¹²¹/

Adjective

微弱

faint; feeble; weak

Synonyms

edit

冉弱 (rǎnruò) (literary)
單薄 / 单薄 (dānbó)
孤單 / 孤单 (gūdān)
孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
弱 (ruò)
柔弱 (róuruò)
瘦弱 (shòuruò)
瘦瘠 (shòují)
羸弱 (léiruò)
脆弱 (cuìruò)
荏弱 (Hokkien)
薄弱 (bóruò)
虛弱 / 虚弱 (xūruò)
虛荏 / 虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
虛虧 / 虚亏 (xūkuī)
虧弱 / 亏弱 (kuīruò)
衰弱 (shuāiruò)
軟弱 / 软弱 (ruǎnruò)
軟蔫蔫 / 软蔫蔫 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
軟䭕 / 软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
雌 (cí) (literary)
體弱 / 体弱 (tǐruò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
微	弱
び Grade: S	じゃく Grade: 2
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) びじゃく [bìjákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [bʲiʑa̠kɯ̟]

Adjective

微(び)弱(じゃく) • (bijaku) ^{←びじやく (bizyaku)^?}-na (adnominal 微(び)弱(じゃく)な (bijaku na), adverbial 微(び)弱(じゃく)に (bijaku ni))

faint; feeble; weak

Inflection

Inflection of 微弱

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	微弱だろ	びじゃくだろ	bijaku daro
Continuative (連用形)	微弱で	びじゃくで	bijaku de
Terminal (終止形)	微弱だ	びじゃくだ	bijaku da
Attributive (連体形)	微弱な	びじゃくな	bijaku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	微弱なら	びじゃくなら	bijaku nara
Imperative (命令形)	微弱であれ	びじゃくであれ	bijaku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	微弱ではない微弱じゃない	びじゃくではないびじゃくじゃない	bijaku de wa nai bijaku ja nai
Informal past	微弱だった	びじゃくだった	bijaku datta
Informal negative past	微弱ではなかった微弱じゃなかった	びじゃくではなかったびじゃくじゃなかった	bijaku de wa nakatta bijaku ja nakatta
Formal	微弱です	びじゃくです	bijaku desu
Formal negative	微弱ではありません微弱じゃありません	びじゃくではありませんびじゃくじゃありません	bijaku de wa arimasen bijaku ja arimasen
Formal past	微弱でした	びじゃくでした	bijaku deshita
Formal negative past	微弱ではありませんでした微弱じゃありませんでした	びじゃくではありませんでしたびじゃくじゃありませんでした	bijaku de wa arimasen deshita bijaku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	微弱で	びじゃくで	bijaku de
Conditional	微弱なら（ば）	びじゃくなら（ば）	bijaku nara (ba)
Provisional	微弱だったら	びじゃくだったら	bijaku dattara
Volitional	微弱だろう	びじゃくだろう	bijaku darō
Adverbial	微弱に	びじゃくに	bijaku ni
Degree	微弱さ	びじゃくさ	bijakusa

Classical conjugation of "微弱なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	微弱なら	びじゃくなら	bizyakunara
Continuative (連用形)	微弱に^[1] 微弱なり^[2]	びじゃくにびじゃくなり	bizyakuni bizyakunari
Terminal (終止形)	微弱なり	びじゃくなり	bizyakunari
Attributive (連体形)	微弱なる	びじゃくなる	bizyakunaru
Realis (已然形)	微弱なれ	びじゃくなれ	bizyakunare
Imperative (命令形)	微弱なれ	びじゃくなれ	bizyakunare
Key constructions
Negative	微弱ならず	びじゃくならず	bizyakunarazu
Contrasting conjunction	微弱なれど	びじゃくなれど	bizyakunaredo
Causal conjunction	微弱なれば	びじゃくなれば	bizyakunareba
Conditional conjunction	微弱ならば	びじゃくならば	bizyakunaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	微弱なりき	びじゃくなりき	bizyakunariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	微弱なりけり	びじゃくなりけり	bizyakunarikeri
Adverbial	微弱に	びじゃくに	bizyakuni
^[1]Without auxiliary verb. ^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
微	弱

Noun

微弱 • (miyak) (hangeul 미약)

hanja form^? of 미약

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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