帰化
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
帰 | 化 |
き Grade: 2 |
か Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
歸化 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]帰 (ki, “to submit to”) + 化 (-ka, “-ize”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) きか [k
íꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3] - (Tokyo) きか [k
ìkáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2][3] - IPA(key): [kʲi̥ka̠]
Noun
[edit]- the process of taking citizenship in a foreign country; naturalization
Derived terms
[edit]- 帰化人 (kikajin)
Verb
[edit]帰化する • (kika suru) intransitive suru (stem 帰化し (kika shi), past 帰化した (kika shita))
- to naturalize
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "帰化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 帰化し | きかし | kika shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 帰化し | きかし | kika shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 帰化する | きかする | kika suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 帰化する | きかする | kika suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 帰化すれ | きかすれ | kika sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 帰化せよ¹ 帰化しろ² |
きかせよ¹ きかしろ² |
kika seyo¹ kika shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 帰化される | きかされる | kika sareru | |
Causative | 帰化させる 帰化さす |
きかさせる きかさす |
kika saseru kika sasu | |
Potential | 帰化できる | きかできる | kika dekiru | |
Volitional | 帰化しよう | きかしよう | kika shiyō | |
Negative | 帰化しない | きかしない | kika shinai | |
Negative continuative | 帰化せず | きかせず | kika sezu | |
Formal | 帰化します | きかします | kika shimasu | |
Perfective | 帰化した | きかした | kika shita | |
Conjunctive | 帰化して | きかして | kika shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 帰化すれば | きかすれば | kika sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 帰 read as き
- Japanese terms spelled with 化 read as か
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms suffixed with 化
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese suru verbs