孤苦

Chinese

		lone; lonely	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (孤苦)		孤	苦
simp. #(孤苦)		孤	苦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gūkǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ㄎㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ fu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-khú
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-khó͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūkǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄎㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gukǔ
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-kʻu³
    • Yale: gū-kǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gukuu
    • Palladius: гуку (guku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu¹ fu²
    • Yale: gū fú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ fu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ fu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-khú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ ku^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ ku³
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴ kʰu³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-khó͘
    • Tâi-lô: koo-khóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ko'qor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adjective

孤苦

1. orphaned and wretched

Derived terms

• 孤苦伶仃 (gūkǔlíngdīng)