夜伽

Japanese

Kanji in this term
夜	伽
よ Grade: 2	とぎ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 夜 (yo, “night, nighttime”) +‎ 伽 (togi, “company, accompaniment”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 対ぐ (togu, “to keep someone company, to accompany someone”, obsolete, rare, possibly dialect)).^[1]^[2]^[3]

First cited to a text from 1658.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よとぎ [yòtógí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[4]^[3]
(Tokyo) よとぎ [yòtógíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[2]^[4]^[3]
(Tokyo) よとぎ [yóꜜtògì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[4]^[3]
IPA^(key): [jo̞to̞ɡʲi]

Noun

夜(よ)伽(とぎ) • (yotogi)

[1658] watching over someone overnight while they sleep (such as done by a nurse or a bodyguard)
[1658] a person who watches over someone overnight
[1754–75] a woman accompanying a man in sleep
[1920] an overnight vigil (as part of a funeral)

Verb

夜(よ)伽(とぎ)する • (yotogi suru) intransitive suru (stem 夜(よ)伽(とぎ)し (yotogi shi), past 夜(よ)伽(とぎ)した (yotogi shita))

[1658] to watch over someone overnight while they sleep
[1754–75] of a woman, to accompany a man in sleep
[1920] to hold an overnight vigil (as part of a funeral)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "夜伽する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	夜伽し	よとぎし	yotogi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	夜伽し	よとぎし	yotogi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	夜伽する	よとぎする	yotogi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	夜伽する	よとぎする	yotogi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	夜伽すれ	よとぎすれ	yotogi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	夜伽せよ¹ 夜伽しろ²	よとぎせよ¹ よとぎしろ²	yotogi seyo¹ yotogi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	夜伽される	よとぎされる	yotogi sareru
Causative	夜伽させる夜伽さす	よとぎさせるよとぎさす	yotogi saseru yotogi sasu
Potential	夜伽できる	よとぎできる	yotogi dekiru
Volitional	夜伽しよう	よとぎしよう	yotogi shiyō
Negative	夜伽しない	よとぎしない	yotogi shinai
Negative continuative	夜伽せず	よとぎせず	yotogi sezu
Formal	夜伽します	よとぎします	yotogi shimasu
Perfective	夜伽した	よとぎした	yotogi shita
Conjunctive	夜伽して	よとぎして	yotogi shite
Hypothetical conditional	夜伽すれば	よとぎすれば	yotogi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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