変える
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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変 |
か Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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變える (kyūjitai) |
See also かふ
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Cognate with 替える (kaeru), 代える (kaeru) and 換える (kaeru).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「変える」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
変える | かえる | [kàérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 変えろ | かえろ | [kàéró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 変えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
Causative | 変えさせる | かえさせる | [kàésásérú] |
Potential | 変えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
Volitional | 変えよう | かえよー | [kàéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 変えない | かえない | [kàénáí] |
Negative perfective | 変えなかった | かえなかった | [kàénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 変えます | かえます | [kàémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 変えた | かえた | [kàétá] |
Conjunctive | 変えて | かえて | [kàété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 変えれば | かえれば | [kàéréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]変える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 変え (kae), past 変えた (kaeta))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 変える |
mediopassive | 変わる |
- to change, to make different
- 境界は変えられる。
- Kyōkai wa kaerareru.
- Borders are changeable.
- 水は高温によって蒸気に変えられる。
- Mizu wa kōon ni yotte jōki ni kaerareru.
- Water is changed into vapor by high temperature.
- 境界は変えられる。
- to move or shift to a different time or place
- 場所を変える
- basho o kaeru
- move somewhere else
- 場所を変える
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "変える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 変え | かえ | kae | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 変え | かえ | kae | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 変える | かえる | kaeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 変える | かえる | kaeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 変えれ | かえれ | kaere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 変えよ¹ 変えろ² |
かえよ¹ かえろ² |
kaeyo¹ kaero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 変えられる | かえられる | kaerareru | |
Causative | 変えさせる 変えさす |
かえさせる かえさす |
kaesaseru kaesasu | |
Potential | 変えられる 変えれる³ |
かえられる かえれる³ |
kaerareru kaereru³ | |
Volitional | 変えよう | かえよう | kaeyō | |
Negative | 変えない 変えぬ 変えん |
かえない かえぬ かえん |
kaenai kaenu kaen | |
Negative continuative | 変えず | かえず | kaezu | |
Formal | 変えます | かえます | kaemasu | |
Perfective | 変えた | かえた | kaeta | |
Conjunctive | 変えて | かえて | kaete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 変えれば | かえれば | kaereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 変 read as か
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
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- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
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- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
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