只働き

Japanese

Kanji in this term
只	働
ただ Jinmeiyō	はたら > ばたら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
ただ働き

Etymology

Compound of 只 (tada, “for free”) +‎ 働き (hataraki, noun stem of verb hataraku, “to work”).^[1]^[2] The hataraki changes to bataraki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ただばたらき [tàdábáꜜtàràkì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[3]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ta̠da̠ba̠ta̠ɾa̠kʲi]

Noun

只(ただ)働(ばたら)き • (tadabataraki)

work done for free, unpaid work, uncompensated work
work done in vain, work with no favorable end result

Synonyms

(vain effort): 徒(と)労(ろう) (torō), 無(む)駄(だ)働(ばたら)き (mudabataraki)

Verb

只(ただ)働(ばたら)きする • (tadabataraki suru) suru (stem 只(ただ)働(ばたら)きし (tadabataraki shi), past 只(ただ)働(ばたら)きした (tadabataraki shita))

to work for free, to work without pay or other compensation
to work in vain, to work with no favorable end result

Conjugation

Conjugation of "只働きする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	只働きし	ただばたらきし	tadabataraki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	只働きし	ただばたらきし	tadabataraki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	只働きする	ただばたらきする	tadabataraki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	只働きする	ただばたらきする	tadabataraki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	只働きすれ	ただばたらきすれ	tadabataraki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	只働きせよ¹ 只働きしろ²	ただばたらきせよ¹ ただばたらきしろ²	tadabataraki seyo¹ tadabataraki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	只働きされる	ただばたらきされる	tadabataraki sareru
Causative	只働きさせる只働きさす	ただばたらきさせるただばたらきさす	tadabataraki saseru tadabataraki sasu
Potential	只働きできる	ただばたらきできる	tadabataraki dekiru
Volitional	只働きしよう	ただばたらきしよう	tadabataraki shiyō
Negative	只働きしない	ただばたらきしない	tadabataraki shinai
Negative continuative	只働きせず	ただばたらきせず	tadabataraki sezu
Formal	只働きします	ただばたらきします	tadabataraki shimasu
Perfective	只働きした	ただばたらきした	tadabataraki shita
Conjunctive	只働きして	ただばたらきして	tadabataraki shite
Hypothetical conditional	只働きすれば	ただばたらきすれば	tadabataraki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(vain effort): 徒(と)労(ろう) (torō), 無(む)駄(だ)働(ばたら)き (mudabataraki)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]