公媽

Chinese

		just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	mother; mama
trad. (公媽)		公	媽
simp. (公妈)		公	妈

Pronunciation

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng¹ ma³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong-má

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ ma²

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• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ ma³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ma³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: go̤ng-mâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ma⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng¹ ma³ [Phonetic: gorng⁵ ma³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ma³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-má
    • Tâi-lô: kong-má
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongmar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gong¹ ma²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong má
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

Noun

公媽

1. (Puxian Min, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) ancestor; predecessor
2. (Puxian Min, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) spirit tablet; ancestral tablet (tablet with the name of an ancestor inscribed on it)
3. (Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) grandparents

Synonyms

• (ancestor):

edit

• 上輩 / 上辈 (shàngbèi)
• 上輩子 / 上辈子 (shàngbèizi)
• 先人 (xiānrén)
• 先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
• 先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
• 先君 (xiānjūn) (literary)
• 先祖 (xiānzǔ) (literary)
• 先輩 / 先辈 (xiānbèi)
• 公婆 (Hokkien)
• 早勻 / 早匀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 父祖 (fùzǔ) (literary)
• 皇考 (huángkǎo) (archaic)
• 祖上 (zǔshàng)
• 祖先 (zǔxiān)
• 祖公 (Hokkien)
• 祖宗 (zǔzōng)
• 老祖宗
• 老輩 / 老辈 (lǎobèi)

• (spirit tablet): 神位 (shénwèi), 神主 (shénzhǔ), 牌位 (páiwèi); (Hokkien) 公婆 (gōngpó)

Derived terms

• 一人一家代，公媽隨人祀 / 一人一家代，公妈随人祀
• 公媽厝 / 公妈厝
• 公媽囝 / 公妈囝
• 公媽墓 / 公妈墓
• 公媽廝𨂰 / 公妈厮𨂰
• 公媽熱 / 公妈热
• 公媽𨂰燒 / 公妈𨂰烧
• 公媽龕 / 公妈龛
• 拜公媽 / 拜公妈

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “公妈”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 232.