九泉

Chinese

		nine	fountain; spring
simp. and trad. (九泉)		九	泉

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǔquán

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² cyun⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiú-choân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔquán
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒucyuán
    • Wade–Giles: chiu³-chʻüan²
    • Yale: jyǒu-chywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeouchyuan
    • Palladius: цзюцюань (czjucjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 九泉 酒泉

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau² cyun⁴
    • Yale: gáu chyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² tsyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² qun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiú-choân
    • Tâi-lô: kiú-tsuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiwzoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan²³/

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• Middle Chinese: kjuwX dzjwen

Rime
Character	九	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉有切	疾緣切
Baxter	kjuwX	dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuX/	/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuX/	/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuX/	/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwX/	/d͡zwian/
Li Rong	/kiuX/	/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang Li	/kĭəuX/	/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uX/	/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ	quán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2	cyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]uʔ  s-N-ɢʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuʔ  sɡʷen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	九	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ	quán
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwX ›	‹ dzjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]uʔ/	/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English	nine	spring, source
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	九	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6941	10728
Phonetic component	九	泉
Rime group	幽	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	久	全
Old Chinese	/*kuʔ/	/*sɡʷen/

Noun

九泉

1. (literary, figurative) grave; the nether world; the Nine Springs

Synonyms

• 重泉 (zhòngquán)