下層

Chinese

		under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter	layer; floor; a measure word for layers layer; floor; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; story (of a building); (maths) sheaf
trad. (下層)		下	層
simp. (下层)		下	层

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàcéng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄘㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ cang⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hǎ-chân / hā-chân / hēe-chân / ě-chân / ē-chân / ēe-chân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàcéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄘㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàcéng
    • Wade–Giles: hsia⁴-tsʻêng²
    • Yale: syà-tséng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahtserng
    • Palladius: сяцэн (sjacɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁶ cang⁴
    • Yale: hah chàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ tsang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ ceng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎ-chân
    • Tâi-lô: hǎ-tsân
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²² t͡san²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-chân
    • Tâi-lô: hā-tsân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haxzaan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ t͡san²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ t͡san²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-chân
    • Tâi-lô: hēe-tsân
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡san¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě-chân
    • Tâi-lô: ě-tsân
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /e²² t͡san²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē-chân
    • Tâi-lô: ē-tsân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: exzaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /e²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēe-chân
    • Tâi-lô: ēe-tsân
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡san¹³/

Noun

下層

1. lower levels
2. lower strata

Derived terms

• 夏家店下層文化 / 夏家店下层文化 (Xiàjiādiàn xiàcéng wénhuà)