ちびる
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 禿びる |
/tubu/ → /t͡subu/ → /t͡ɕibu/ → (grammatical shift) /t͡ɕibiru/
Shift from earlier form 禿ぶ (tsubu, “to become round and small, such as from wear; to become bald”). Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “grain; small thing”), 円ら (tsubura, “round and plump; small and round”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) ちびる [chìbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) ちびる [chìbírú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [t͡ɕibʲiɾɯ̟]
Verb
[edit]ちびる • (chibiru) intransitive ichidan (stem ちび (chibi), past ちびた (chibita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "ちびる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ちび | chibi | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ちび | chibi | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ちびる | chibiru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ちびる | chibiru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ちびれ | chibire | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ちびよ¹ ちびろ² |
chibiyo¹ chibiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | ちびられる | chibirareru | ||
| Causative | ちびさせる ちびさす |
chibisaseru chibisasu | ||
| Potential | ちびられる ちびれる³ |
chibirareru chibireru³ | ||
| Volitional | ちびよう | chibiyō | ||
| Negative | ちびない ちびぬ ちびん |
chibinai chibinu chibin | ||
| Negative continuative | ちびず | chibizu | ||
| Formal | ちびます | chibimasu | ||
| Perfective | ちびた | chibita | ||
| Conjunctive | ちびて | chibite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | ちびれば | chibireba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 禿び筆 (chibifude, “a worn-down calligraphy brush”)
- 禿る (chibiru, “to wear down and become small”, 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”), rare)
- ちび (chibi, “runt, pipsqueak”)
Etymology 2
[edit]
Possibly derived from the underlying sense of little bit, small amount of noun 粒 (tsubu, root of homophonous verb 禿びる (“to wear down”)), or a shift in sense from that verb.
First attested in a work from 1772.[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ちびる • (chibiru) godan (stem ちびり (chibiri), past ちびった (chibitta))
- [from before 1772] (informal) to stint, to pay out or use something in a stingy fashion
- [from 1772] (informal) to leak something out a little bit at a time; (by extension) to urinate or defecate a small amount
- [from early 1890s] (informal) to drink a little bit at a time, to sip slowly, to nurse one's drink
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "ちびる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ちびら | chibira | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ちびり | chibiri | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ちびる | chibiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ちびる | chibiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ちびれ | chibire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ちびれ | chibire | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ちびられる | chibirareru | |
| Causative | ちびらせる ちびらす |
chibiraseru chibirasu | |
| Potential | ちびれる | chibireru | |
| Volitional | ちびろう | chibirō | |
| Negative | ちびらない | chibiranai | |
| Negative continuative | ちびらず | chibirazu | |
| Formal | ちびります | chibirimasu | |
| Perfective | ちびった | chibitta | |
| Conjunctive | ちびって | chibitte | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ちびれば | chibireba | |
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “ちびる”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006