ᾍδης

See also: Άδης, Ἀΐδης, ᾅδης, and ἀϊδής

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Ἀΐδης (Aḯdēs) — Homeric
• Ἀΐδᾱς (Aḯdās) — Doric
• Ἀϊδωνεύς (Aïdōneús)
• ᾈδωνεύς (Āidōneús)

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) +‎ *weyd- (“see”) +‎ *-ēs (“adjectival suffix”), literally “that which is unseen”, equivalent to ἀ- (a-) +‎ εἶδον (eîdon). Compare ἀϊδής (aïdḗs, “invisible”).

Puhvel (1987) argues that it is from *sm̥weyd- (from *sm̥- (compounding stem) +‎ *weyd- (“see”) +‎ *-ēs (“adjectival suffix”), literally “see-together” or “uniter”), equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) +‎ εἶδον (eîdon), cognate with Russian свида́ние (svidánije, “see each other”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /háːi̯.dɛːs/ → /ˈa.ðis/ → /ˈa.ðis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /háːi̯.dɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.de̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ðis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ðis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ðis/

Proper noun

ᾍδης • (Hā́idēs) m (genitive ᾍδου); first declension (Attic)

1. (Greek mythology) Hades (Greek god)
2. (Greek mythology) Hades (a mythological location, the underworld in Ancient Greek religion)
3. (Koine, biblical) the Grave, Hell

Usage notes

The personal name rarely takes a definite article.

Inflection

First declension of ὁ ᾍδης; τοῦ ᾍδου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ ᾍδης ho Hā́idēs
Genitive	τοῦ ᾍδου toû Hā́idou
Dative	τῷ ᾍδῃ tôi Hā́idēi
Accusative	τὸν ᾍδην tòn Hā́idēn
Vocative	ᾍδη Hā́idē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of Ἀΐδης; Ἀΐδᾱο (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	Ἀΐδης Aḯdēs
Genitive	Ἀΐδᾱο / Ἀΐδε͜ω / Ἀΐδω Aḯdāo / Aḯde͜ō / Aḯdō
Dative	Ἀΐδῃ Aḯdēi
Accusative	Ἀΐδην Aḯdēn
Vocative	Ἀΐδη Aḯdē
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: Άδης (Ádis)
• → Latin: Hādēs
• → Old Church Slavonic: адъ (adŭ) (see there for further descendants)

See also

• Πλούτων (Ploútōn)

Further reading

• “ᾍδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ᾍδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ᾍδης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ᾍδης in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• G86 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • below idem, page 73.
  • death idem, page 198.
  • hades idem, page 380.
  • hell idem, page 395.
  • infernal idem, page 437.
  • lower idem, page 503.
  • nether idem, page 556.
  • shade idem, page 760.
  • under idem, page 912.
  • world idem, page 989.