ὀτρύνω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to stir, move, hasten, hurry”) with irregular metathesis, related to Sanskrit तुर (tura, “strong, powerful”), Sanskrit त्वरते (tvárate, “hasten, hurry, urge”), Albanian turrem (“I rush”), the Celtic tribe Turones, and Latin Tyras. However, the initial ὀ- prefix is not expected.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /o.try̌ː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /oˈtry.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /oˈtry.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /oˈtry.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /oˈtri.no/
Verb
[edit]ὀτρῡ́νω • (otrū́nō)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ὀτρῡ́νω, ὀτρῡ́νομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤτρῡνον | ὤτρῡνες | ὤτρῡνε(ν) | ὠτρῡ́νετον | ὠτρῡνέτην | ὠτρῡ́νομεν | ὠτρῡ́νετε | ὤτρῡνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠτρῡνόμην | ὠτρῡ́νου | ὠτρῡ́νετο | ὠτρῡ́νεσθον | ὠτρῡνέσθην | ὠτρῡνόμεθᾰ | ὠτρῡ́νεσθε | ὠτρῡ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀτρῡ́νεσκον | ὀτρῡ́νεσκες | ὀτρῡ́νεσκε(ν) | ὀτρῡνέσκετον | ὀτρῡνεσκέτην | ὀτρῡνέσκομεν | ὀτρῡνέσκετε | ὀτρῡ́νεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὀτρῡνεσκόμην | ὀτρῡνέσκου | ὀτρῡνέσκετο | ὀτρῡνέσκεσθον | ὀτρῡνεσκέσθην | ὀτρῡνεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῡνέσκεσθε | ὀτρῡνέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀτρῠνέω | ὀτρῠνέεις | ὀτρῠνέει | ὀτρῠνέετον | ὀτρῠνέετον | ὀτρῠνέομεν | ὀτρῠνέετε | ὀτρῠνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ὀτρῠνέοιμῐ | ὀτρῠνέοισ(θᾰ) | ὀτρῠνέοι | ὀτρῠνέοιτον | ὀτρῠνεοίτην | ὀτρῠνέοιμεν | ὀτρῠνέοιτε | ὀτρῠνέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ὀτρῠνέομαι | ὀτρῠνέεαι | ὀτρῠνέεται | ὀτρῠνέεσθον | ὀτρῠνέεσθον | ὀτρῠνεόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῠνέεσθε | ὀτρῠνέονται | ||||
optative | ὀτρῠνεοίμην | ὀτρῠνέοιο | ὀτρῠνέοιτο | ὀτρῠνέοισθον | ὀτρῠνεοίσθην | ὀτρῠνεοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ὀτρῠνέοισθε | ὀτρῠνεοίᾰτο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀτρῠνέειν/ὀτρῠνεέμεν(αι)/ὀτρῠνέμεν(αι) | ὀτρῠνέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀτρῠνέων | ὀτρῠνεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀτρῠνέουσᾰ | ὀτρῠνεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀτρῠνέον | ὀτρῠνεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Derived terms
[edit]- ἐποτρῡ́νω (epotrū́nō)
- ὀτρυντύς (otruntús)
- ὀτραλέως (otraléōs), ὀτραλέος (otraléos)
- ὀτρηρός (otrērós)
References
[edit]- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1123
Further reading
[edit]- “ὀτρύνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.