ὀρθόω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) +‎ -όω (-óō, factitive verb suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /or.tʰó.ɔː/ → /orˈθo.o/ → /orˈθo.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.tʰó.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /orˈtʰo.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /orˈθo.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /orˈθo.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /orˈθo.o/

Verb

ὀρθόω • (orthóō)

1. (transitive) to set upright, raise up (something or someone that has fallen down)
   1. (transitive) to build or rebuild
   2. (passive voice) to stand up (get up from a sitting position)
2. (transitive) to straighten
3. (figurative, transitive) to restore to health or happiness
4. (transitive) to exalt, honor; to make famous
5. (transitive) to correct
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1475:

     νῦν δ’ ὤρθωσας στόματος γνώμην

     nûn d’ ṓrthōsas stómatos gnṓmēn

     Now you have corrected the judgement of your mouth

6. (transitive) to bring to a happy end; (passive voice) to succeed, prosper, flourish
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.18.4:

     διὰ τὸ μὴ τῷ ὀρθουμένῳ πιστεύοντες ἐπαίρεσθαι

     dià tò mḕ tôi orthouménōi pisteúontes epaíresthai

     because [they] are not overly excited by being confident in success

Conjugation

   Present: ὀρθῶ, ὀρθοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὀρθῶ	ὀρθοῖς	ὀρθοῖ	ὀρθοῦτον	ὀρθοῦτον	ὀρθοῦμεν	ὀρθοῦτε	ὀρθοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὀρθῶ	ὀρθοῖς	ὀρθοῖ	ὀρθῶτον	ὀρθῶτον	ὀρθῶμεν	ὀρθῶτε	ὀρθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀρθοίην, ὀρθοῖμῐ	ὀρθοίης, ὀρθοῖς	ὀρθοίη, ὀρθοῖ	ὀρθοῖτον, ὀρθοίητον	ὀρθοίτην, ὀρθοιήτην	ὀρθοῖμεν, ὀρθοίημεν	ὀρθοῖτε, ὀρθοίητε	ὀρθοῖεν, ὀρθοίησᾰν
	imperative		ὄρθου	ὀρθούτω	ὀρθοῦτον	ὀρθούτων		ὀρθοῦτε	ὀρθούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ὀρθοῦμαι	ὀρθοῖ	ὀρθοῦται	ὀρθοῦσθον	ὀρθοῦσθον	ὀρθούμεθᾰ	ὀρθοῦσθε	ὀρθοῦνται
	subjunctive	ὀρθῶμαι	ὀρθοῖ	ὀρθῶται	ὀρθῶσθον	ὀρθῶσθον	ὀρθώμεθᾰ	ὀρθῶσθε	ὀρθῶνται
	optative	ὀρθοίμην	ὀρθοῖο	ὀρθοῖτο	ὀρθοῖσθον	ὀρθοίσθην	ὀρθοίμεθᾰ	ὀρθοῖσθε	ὀρθοῖντο
	imperative		ὀρθοῦ	ὀρθούσθω	ὀρθοῦσθον	ὀρθούσθων		ὀρθοῦσθε	ὀρθούσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὀρθοῦν				ὀρθοῦσθαι
participle	m	ὀρθῶν				ὀρθούμενος
	f	ὀρθοῦσᾰ				ὀρθουμένη
	n	ὀρθοῦν				ὀρθούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ὤρθουν, ὠρθούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὤρθουν	ὤρθους	ὤρθου	ὠρθοῦτον	ὠρθούτην	ὠρθοῦμεν	ὠρθοῦτε	ὤρθουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ὠρθούμην	ὠρθοῦ	ὠρθοῦτο	ὠρθοῦσθον	ὠρθούσθην	ὠρθούμεθᾰ	ὠρθοῦσθε	ὠρθοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ὤρθωσᾰ, ὠρθωσᾰ́μην, ὠρθώθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὤρθωσᾰ	ὤρθωσᾰς	ὤρθωσε(ν)	ὠρθώσᾰτον	ὠρθωσᾰ́την	ὠρθώσᾰμεν	ὠρθώσᾰτε	ὤρθωσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀρθώσω	ὀρθώσῃς	ὀρθώσῃ	ὀρθώσητον	ὀρθώσητον	ὀρθώσωμεν	ὀρθώσητε	ὀρθώσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀρθώσαιμῐ	ὀρθώσειᾰς, ὀρθώσαις	ὀρθώσειε(ν), ὀρθώσαι	ὀρθώσαιτον	ὀρθωσαίτην	ὀρθώσαιμεν	ὀρθώσαιτε	ὀρθώσειᾰν, ὀρθώσαιεν
	imperative		ὄρθωσον	ὀρθωσᾰ́τω	ὀρθώσᾰτον	ὀρθωσᾰ́των		ὀρθώσᾰτε	ὀρθωσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ὠρθωσᾰ́μην	ὠρθώσω	ὠρθώσᾰτο	ὠρθώσᾰσθον	ὠρθωσᾰ́σθην	ὠρθωσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὠρθώσᾰσθε	ὠρθώσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὀρθώσωμαι	ὀρθώσῃ	ὀρθώσηται	ὀρθώσησθον	ὀρθώσησθον	ὀρθωσώμεθᾰ	ὀρθώσησθε	ὀρθώσωνται
	optative	ὀρθωσαίμην	ὀρθώσαιο	ὀρθώσαιτο	ὀρθώσαισθον	ὀρθωσαίσθην	ὀρθωσαίμεθᾰ	ὀρθώσαισθε	ὀρθώσαιντο
	imperative		ὄρθωσαι	ὀρθωσᾰ́σθω	ὀρθώσᾰσθον	ὀρθωσᾰ́σθων		ὀρθώσᾰσθε	ὀρθωσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ὠρθώθην	ὠρθώθης	ὠρθώθη	ὠρθώθητον	ὠρθωθήτην	ὠρθώθημεν	ὠρθώθητε	ὠρθώθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ὀρθωθῶ	ὀρθωθῇς	ὀρθωθῇ	ὀρθωθῆτον	ὀρθωθῆτον	ὀρθωθῶμεν	ὀρθωθῆτε	ὀρθωθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὀρθωθείην	ὀρθωθείης	ὀρθωθείη	ὀρθωθεῖτον, ὀρθωθείητον	ὀρθωθείτην, ὀρθωθειήτην	ὀρθωθεῖμεν, ὀρθωθείημεν	ὀρθωθεῖτε, ὀρθωθείητε	ὀρθωθεῖεν, ὀρθωθείησᾰν
	imperative		ὀρθώθητῐ	ὀρθωθήτω	ὀρθώθητον	ὀρθωθήτων		ὀρθώθητε	ὀρθωθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὀρθῶσαι			ὀρθώσᾰσθαι		ὀρθωθῆναι
participle	m	ὀρθώσᾱς			ὀρθωσᾰ́μενος		ὀρθωθείς
	f	ὀρθώσᾱσᾰ			ὀρθωσᾰμένη		ὀρθωθεῖσᾰ
	n	ὀρθῶσᾰν			ὀρθωσᾰ́μενον		ὀρθωθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ὄρθωσις (órthōsis)

Further reading

• “ὀρθόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀρθόω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011