ἵλαος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἵλεως (híleōs) — Attic
• ἵλεος (híleos) — Cretan
• ἵληϝος (hílēwos) — Laconian
• ἴλλᾱος (íllāos) — Aeolic
• ἵλαος (hílaos) — Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (“mercy, comfort”), with the first vowel borrowed from the reduplicated present stem *si-sl̥h₂-, as in ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai), and then further analogically shortened in ἱλαρός (hilarós) and ἱλάειρα (hiláeira). Variation in the second probably analogical after νᾱός (nāós) : νεώς (neṓs), λᾱός (lāós) : λεώς (leṓs).

Cognate with Old Armenian աղաչեմ (ałačʻem, “to pray”), Latin sōlor (“to comfort”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “good, kind”), Icelandic sæll (“happy”), German selig (“overjoyed”), English silly.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hǐː.la.os/ → /ˈi.la.os/ → /ˈi.la.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.la.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.la.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/

 

• IPA^(key): /hǐː.laː.os/ → /ˈi.la.os/ → /ˈi.la.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.laː.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.la.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/

• Note: the normally short α is found scanned as long in some instances.

Adjective

ῑ̔́λαος • (hī́laos) m or f (neuter ῑ̔́λαον); second declension

1. propitious, gracious, merciful
2. kind, mild, gentle

Inflection

Second declension of ῑ̔́λαος; ῑ̔́λαον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ῑ̔́λαος hī́laos	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon		ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάω hīláō		ῑ̔́λαοι hī́laoi	ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laa
Genitive		ῑ̔λάου hīláou	ῑ̔λάου hīláou		ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin		ῑ̔λάων hīláōn	ῑ̔λάων hīláōn
Dative		ῑ̔λάῳ hīláōi	ῑ̔λάῳ hīláōi		ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin		ῑ̔λάοις hīláois	ῑ̔λάοις hīláois
Accusative		ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon		ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάω hīláō		ῑ̔λάους hīláous	ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laa
Vocative		ῑ̔́λαε hī́lae	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon		ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάω hīláō		ῑ̔́λαοι hī́laoi	ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laa
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ῑ̔λάως hīláōs			ῑ̔λαότερος hīlaóteros			ῑ̔λαότᾰτος hīlaótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἵλαθι (hílathi)
• ἱλαρός (hilarós)
• ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai)

References

• “ἵλαος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἵλαος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἵλαος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἵλαος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἵλαος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter