ἵκω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to reach (for)”); cognate with Lithuanian síekti (“to reach”), Tocharian B siknaṃ (“to set foot”). The synonyms ἱκάνω (hikánō) and ἱκνέομαι (hiknéomai) are from the same root, with a nasal suffix. Possibly cognate with ἥκω (hḗkō, “to have arrived, be present”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.kɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.ko/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ko/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ko/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ko/

Verb

ῑ̔́κω • (hī́kō)

(intransitive) to come
(transitive) to come to, arrive at
(transitive) to reach
(transitive) to come upon (befall, affect)

Conjugation

Present: ῑ̔́κω, ῑ̔́κομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῑ̔́κω	ῑ̔́κεις	ῑ̔́κει	ῑ̔́κετον	ῑ̔́κετον	ῑ̔́κομεν	ῑ̔́κετε	ῑ̔́κουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῑ̔́κω	ῑ̔́κῃς	ῑ̔́κῃ	ῑ̔́κητον	ῑ̔́κητον	ῑ̔́κωμεν	ῑ̔́κητε	ῑ̔́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̔́κοιμῐ	ῑ̔́κοις	ῑ̔́κοι	ῑ̔́κοιτον	ῑ̔κοίτην	ῑ̔́κοιμεν	ῑ̔́κοιτε	ῑ̔́κοιεν
	imperative		ἷκε	ῑ̔κέτω	ῑ̔́κετον	ῑ̔κέτων		ῑ̔́κετε	ῑ̔κόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔́κομαι	ῑ̔́κῃ, ῑ̔́κει	ῑ̔́κεται	ῑ̔́κεσθον	ῑ̔́κεσθον	ῑ̔κόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́κεσθε	ῑ̔́κονται
	subjunctive	ῑ̔́κωμαι	ῑ̔́κῃ	ῑ̔́κηται	ῑ̔́κησθον	ῑ̔́κησθον	ῑ̔κώμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́κησθε	ῑ̔́κωνται
	optative	ῑ̔κοίμην	ῑ̔́κοιο	ῑ̔́κοιτο	ῑ̔́κοισθον	ῑ̔κοίσθην	ῑ̔κοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́κοισθε	ῑ̔́κοιντο
	imperative		ῑ̔́κου	ῑ̔κέσθω	ῑ̔́κεσθον	ῑ̔κέσθων		ῑ̔́κεσθε	ῑ̔κέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ῑ̔́κειν				ῑ̔́κεσθαι
participle	m	ῑ̔́κων				ῑ̔κόμενος
	f	ῑ̔́κουσᾰ				ῑ̔κομένη
	n	ἷκον				ῑ̔κόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἷκον, ῑ̔κόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἷκον	ἷκες	ἷκε(ν)	ῑ̔́κετον	ῑ̔κέτην	ῑ̔́κομεν	ῑ̔́κετε	ἷκον
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔κόμην	ῑ̔́κου	ῑ̔́κετο	ῑ̔́κεσθον	ῑ̔κέσθην	ῑ̔κόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́κεσθε	ῑ̔́κοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῑ̔́ξω, ῑ̔́ξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῑ̔́ξω	ῑ̔́ξεις	ῑ̔́ξει	ῑ̔́ξετον	ῑ̔́ξετον	ῑ̔́ξομεν	ῑ̔́ξετε	ῑ̔́ξουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ῑ̔́ξοιμῐ	ῑ̔́ξοις	ῑ̔́ξοι	ῑ̔́ξοιτον	ῑ̔ξοίτην	ῑ̔́ξοιμεν	ῑ̔́ξοιτε	ῑ̔́ξοιεν
middle	indicative	ῑ̔́ξομαι	ῑ̔́ξῃ, ῑ̔́ξει	ῑ̔́ξεται	ῑ̔́ξεσθον	ῑ̔́ξεσθον	ῑ̔ξόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξεσθε	ῑ̔́ξονται
middle	optative	ῑ̔ξοίμην	ῑ̔́ξοιο	ῑ̔́ξοιτο	ῑ̔́ξοισθον	ῑ̔ξοίσθην	ῑ̔ξοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξοισθε	ῑ̔́ξοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ῑ̔́ξειν			ῑ̔́ξεσθαι
participle	m	ῑ̔́ξων			ῑ̔ξόμενος
	f	ῑ̔́ξουσᾰ			ῑ̔ξομένη
	n	ἷξον			ῑ̔ξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἷξᾰ, ῑ̔ξᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἷξᾰ	ἷξᾰς	ἷξε(ν)	ῑ̔́ξᾰτον	ῑ̔ξᾰ́την	ῑ̔́ξᾰμεν	ῑ̔́ξᾰτε	ἷξᾰν
	subjunctive	ῑ̔́ξω	ῑ̔́ξῃς	ῑ̔́ξῃ	ῑ̔́ξητον	ῑ̔́ξητον	ῑ̔́ξωμεν	ῑ̔́ξητε	ῑ̔́ξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̔́ξαιμῐ	ῑ̔́ξειᾰς, ῑ̔́ξαις	ῑ̔́ξειε(ν), ῑ̔́ξαι	ῑ̔́ξαιτον	ῑ̔ξαίτην	ῑ̔́ξαιμεν	ῑ̔́ξαιτε	ῑ̔́ξειᾰν, ῑ̔́ξαιεν
	imperative		ἷξον	ῑ̔ξᾰ́τω	ῑ̔́ξᾰτον	ῑ̔ξᾰ́των		ῑ̔́ξᾰτε	ῑ̔ξᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ῑ̔ξᾰ́μην	ῑ̔́ξω	ῑ̔́ξᾰτο	ῑ̔́ξᾰσθον	ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθην	ῑ̔ξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξᾰσθε	ῑ̔́ξᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̔́ξωμαι	ῑ̔́ξῃ	ῑ̔́ξηται	ῑ̔́ξησθον	ῑ̔́ξησθον	ῑ̔ξώμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξησθε	ῑ̔́ξωνται
	optative	ῑ̔ξαίμην	ῑ̔́ξαιο	ῑ̔́ξαιτο	ῑ̔́ξαισθον	ῑ̔ξαίσθην	ῑ̔ξαίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξαισθε	ῑ̔́ξαιντο
	imperative		ἷξαι	ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθω	ῑ̔́ξᾰσθον	ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθων		ῑ̔́ξᾰσθε	ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ἷξαι			ῑ̔́ξᾰσθαι
participle	m	ῑ̔́ξᾱς			ῑ̔ξᾰ́μενος
	f	ῑ̔́ξᾱσᾰ			ῑ̔ξᾰμένη
	n	ἷξᾰν			ῑ̔ξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἷξον, ῑ̔ξόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἷξον	ἷξες	ἷξε(ν)	ῑ̔́ξετον	ῑ̔ξέτην	ῑ̔́ξομεν	ῑ̔́ξετε	ἷξον
	subjunctive	ῑ̔́ξω	ῑ̔́ξῃς	ῑ̔́ξῃ	ῑ̔́ξητον	ῑ̔́ξητον	ῑ̔́ξωμεν	ῑ̔́ξητε	ῑ̔́ξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̔́ξοιμῐ	ῑ̔́ξοις	ῑ̔́ξοι	ῑ̔́ξοιτον	ῑ̔ξοίτην	ῑ̔́ξοιμεν	ῑ̔́ξοιτε	ῑ̔́ξοιεν
	imperative		ἷξε	ῑ̔ξέτω	ῑ̔́ξετον	ῑ̔ξέτων		ῑ̔́ξετε	ῑ̔ξόντων
middle	indicative	ῑ̔ξόμην	ῑ̔́ξου	ῑ̔́ξετο	ῑ̔́ξεσθον	ῑ̔ξέσθην	ῑ̔ξόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξεσθε	ῑ̔́ξοντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̔́ξωμαι	ῑ̔́ξῃ	ῑ̔́ξηται	ῑ̔́ξησθον	ῑ̔́ξησθον	ῑ̔ξώμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξησθε	ῑ̔́ξωνται
	optative	ῑ̔ξοίμην	ῑ̔́ξοιο	ῑ̔́ξοιτο	ῑ̔́ξοισθον	ῑ̔ξοίσθην	ῑ̔ξοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́ξοισθε	ῑ̔́ξοιντο
	imperative		ῑ̔ξοῦ	ῑ̔ξέσθω	ῑ̔́ξεσθον	ῑ̔ξέσθων		ῑ̔́ξεσθε	ῑ̔ξέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ῑ̔ξεῖν			ῑ̔ξέσθαι
participle	m	ῑ̔ξών			ῑ̔ξόμενος
	f	ῑ̔ξοῦσᾰ			ῑ̔ξομένη
	n	ῑ̔ξόν			ῑ̔ξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Related terms

ἱκέτης (hikétēs)
ἱκτήρ (hiktḗr)
ἵκτωρ (híktōr)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἵκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586