ἕσπερος

See also: Ἕσπερος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

PIE word
*wek(ʷ)speros

From Proto-Hellenic *wésperos, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening”). Cognates include Latin vesper, Old Armenian գիշեր (gišer), and Old Church Slavonic вєчєръ (večerŭ).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hés.pe.ros/ → /ˈes.pe.ros/ → /ˈes.pe.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hés.pe.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)es.pe.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈes.pe.ros/

• Hyphenation: ἕσ‧πε‧ρος

Adjective

ἕσπερος • (hésperos) m or f (neuter ἕσπερον); second declension

1. of or at evening
2. western

Inflection

Second declension of ἕσπερος; ἕσπερον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἕσπερος hésperos	ἕσπερον hésperon		ἑσπέρω hespérō	ἑσπέρω hespérō		ἕσπεροι hésperoi	ἕσπερᾰ héspera
Genitive		ἑσπέρου hespérou	ἑσπέρου hespérou		ἑσπέροιν hespéroin	ἑσπέροιν hespéroin		ἑσπέρων hespérōn	ἑσπέρων hespérōn
Dative		ἑσπέρῳ hespérōi	ἑσπέρῳ hespérōi		ἑσπέροιν hespéroin	ἑσπέροιν hespéroin		ἑσπέροις hespérois	ἑσπέροις hespérois
Accusative		ἕσπερον hésperon	ἕσπερον hésperon		ἑσπέρω hespérō	ἑσπέρω hespérō		ἑσπέρους hespérous	ἕσπερᾰ héspera
Vocative		ἕσπερε héspere	ἕσπερον hésperon		ἑσπέρω hespérō	ἑσπέρω hespérō		ἕσπεροι hésperoi	ἕσπερᾰ héspera
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ἑσπέρως hespérōs			ἑσπερώτερος hesperṓteros			ἑσπερώτᾰτος hesperṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἑσπέρα (hespéra)
• ἑσπέριος (hespérios)
• ἕσπερος θέος (hésperos théos)

 

Descendants

• → Albanian: dhespër (or from Latin vesper)

Noun

ἕσπερος • (hésperos) m (genitive ἑσπέρου); second declension

1. evening
2. the evening star, Venus (shortened form of ἕσπερος ἀστήρ (hésperos astḗr))

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἕσπερος; τοῦ ἑσπέρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἕσπερος ho hésperos	τὼ ἑσπέρω tṑ hespérō	οἱ ἕσπεροι hoi hésperoi
Genitive	τοῦ ἑσπέρου toû hespérou	τοῖν ἑσπέροιν toîn hespéroin	τῶν ἑσπέρων tôn hespérōn
Dative	τῷ ἑσπέρῳ tôi hespérōi	τοῖν ἑσπέροιν toîn hespéroin	τοῖς ἑσπέροις toîs hespérois
Accusative	τὸν ἕσπερον tòn hésperon	τὼ ἑσπέρω tṑ hespérō	τοὺς ἑσπέρους toùs hespérous
Vocative	ἕσπερε héspere	ἑσπέρω hespérō	ἕσπεροι hésperoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ἕσπερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἕσπερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἕσπερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἕσπερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἕσπερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἕσπερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • evening idem, page 285.
  • hesperus idem, page 398.
  • western idem, page 974.