ἔργω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ér.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈer.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈer.ɣo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈer.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈer.ɣo/
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wreǵ- (“to close, enclose”). Cognate with Sanskrit वृज (vṛja, “wattle, fence”) and Middle Irish fraig (“interior wall”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]ἔργω • (érgō)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ἔργω, ἔργομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔργω | ἔργεις | ἔργει | ἔργετον | ἔργετον | ἔργομεν | ἔργετε | ἔργουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἔργω | ἔργῃς | ἔργῃ | ἔργητον | ἔργητον | ἔργωμεν | ἔργητε | ἔργωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἔργοιμῐ | ἔργοις | ἔργοι | ἔργοιτον | ἐργοίτην | ἔργοιμεν | ἔργοιτε | ἔργοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔργε | ἐργέτω | ἔργετον | ἐργέτων | ἔργετε | ἐργόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔργομαι | ἔργῃ, ἔργει |
ἔργεται | ἔργεσθον | ἔργεσθον | ἐργόμεθᾰ | ἔργεσθε | ἔργονται | ||||
subjunctive | ἔργωμαι | ἔργῃ | ἔργηται | ἔργησθον | ἔργησθον | ἐργώμεθᾰ | ἔργησθε | ἔργωνται | |||||
optative | ἐργοίμην | ἔργοιο | ἔργοιτο | ἔργοισθον | ἐργοίσθην | ἐργοίμεθᾰ | ἔργοισθε | ἔργοιντο | |||||
imperative | ἔργου | ἐργέσθω | ἔργεσθον | ἐργέσθων | ἔργεσθε | ἐργέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἔργειν | ἔργεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἔργων | ἐργόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ἔργουσᾰ | ἐργομένη | |||||||||||
n | ἔργον | ἐργόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔργον | ἔργες | ἔργε(ν) | ἔργετον | ἐργέτην | ἔργομεν | ἔργετε | ἔργον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐργόμην | ἔργου | ἔργετο | ἔργεσθον | ἐργέσθην | ἐργόμεθᾰ | ἔργεσθε | ἔργοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔρξω | ἔρξεις | ἔρξει | ἔρξετον | ἔρξετον | ἔρξομεν | ἔρξετε | ἔρξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἔρξοιμῐ | ἔρξοις | ἔρξοι | ἔρξοιτον | ἐρξοίτην | ἔρξοιμεν | ἔρξοιτε | ἔρξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ἔρξομαι | ἔρξῃ, ἔρξει |
ἔρξεται | ἔρξεσθον | ἔρξεσθον | ἐρξόμεθᾰ | ἔρξεσθε | ἔρξονται | ||||
optative | ἐρξοίμην | ἔρξοιο | ἔρξοιτο | ἔρξοισθον | ἐρξοίσθην | ἐρξοίμεθᾰ | ἔρξοισθε | ἔρξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ἐρχθήσομαι | ἐρχθήσῃ | ἐρχθήσεται | ἐρχθήσεσθον | ἐρχθήσεσθον | ἐρχθησόμεθᾰ | ἐρχθήσεσθε | ἐρχθήσονται | ||||
optative | ἐρχθησοίμην | ἐρχθήσοιο | ἐρχθήσοιτο | ἐρχθήσοισθον | ἐρχθησοίσθην | ἐρχθησοίμεθᾰ | ἐρχθήσοισθε | ἐρχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ἔρξειν | ἔρξεσθαι | ἐρχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ἔρξων | ἐρξόμενος | ἐρχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ἔρξουσᾰ | ἐρξομένη | ἐρχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ἔρξον | ἐρξόμενον | ἐρχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἔργᾰθον (Poetic)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔργᾰθον | ἔργᾰθες | ἔργᾰθε(ν) | ἐργᾰ́θετον | ἐργᾰθέτην | ἐργᾰ́θομεν | ἐργᾰ́θετε | ἔργᾰθον | ||||
subjunctive | ἐργᾰ́θω | ἐργᾰ́θῃς | ἐργᾰ́θῃ | ἐργᾰ́θητον | ἐργᾰ́θητον | ἐργᾰ́θωμεν | ἐργᾰ́θητε | ἐργᾰ́θωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐργᾰ́θοιμῐ | ἐργᾰ́θοις | ἐργᾰ́θοι | ἐργᾰ́θοιτον | ἐργᾰθοίτην | ἐργᾰ́θοιμεν | ἐργᾰ́θοιτε | ἐργᾰ́θοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔργᾰθε | ἐργᾰθέτω | ἐργᾰ́θετον | ἐργᾰθέτων | ἐργᾰ́θετε | ἐργᾰθόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐργᾰθεῖν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐργᾰθών | |||||||||||
f | ἐργᾰθοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐργᾰθόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἔργμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔργμαι | ἔρξαι | ἔρκται | ἔρχθον | ἔρχθον | ἔργμεθᾰ | ἔρχθε | ἔρχᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐργμένος ὦ | ἐργμένος ᾖς | ἐργμένος ᾖ | ἐργμένω ἦτον | ἐργμένω ἦτον | ἐργμένοι ὦμεν | ἐργμένοι ἦτε | ἐργμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐργμένος εἴην | ἐργμένος εἴης | ἐργμένος εἴη | ἐργμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐργμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐργμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐργμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐργμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἔρξο | ἔρχθω | ἔρχθον | ἔρχθων | ἔρχθε | ἔρχθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἔρχθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐργμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἐργμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐργμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἔργμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔργμην | ἔρξο | ἔρκτο | ἔρχθον | ἔρχθην | ἔργμεθᾰ | ἔρχθε | ἔρχᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ἔργω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔργω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἔργω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἔργω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- cage idem, page 108.
- confine idem, page 158.
- coop idem, page 173.
- cramp idem, page 182.
- debar idem, page 199.
- enclose idem, page 271.
- envelop idem, page 279.
- exclude idem, page 289.
- fold idem, page 332.
- girt idem, page 359.
- hem idem, page 396.
- hinder idem, page 400.
- impede idem, page 419.
- imprison idem, page 424.
- lock idem, page 497.
- mew idem, page 527.
- pen idem, page 602.
- prevent idem, page 639.
- shut idem, page 772.
- stave idem, page 813.
- stop idem, page 820.
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]ἔργω • (érgō)
- nominative/accusative/vocative dual of ἔργον (érgon)