ἐρίζω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἔρις (éris, “strife, quarrel”) +‎ -ῐ́ζω (-ízō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.ríz.dɔː/ → /eˈri.zo/ → /eˈri.zo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.ríz.dɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈri.zo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈri.zo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈri.zo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈri.zo/

Verb

ἐρίζω • (erízō)

1. to struggle, quarrel, challenge

Conjugation

   Present: ἐρῐ́ζω, ἐρῐ́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρῐ́ζω	ἐρῐ́ζεις	ἐρῐ́ζει	ἐρῐ́ζετον	ἐρῐ́ζετον	ἐρῐ́ζομεν	ἐρῐ́ζετε	ἐρῐ́ζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρῐ́ζω	ἐρῐ́ζῃς	ἐρῐ́ζῃ	ἐρῐ́ζητον	ἐρῐ́ζητον	ἐρῐ́ζωμεν	ἐρῐ́ζητε	ἐρῐ́ζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῐ́ζοιμῐ	ἐρῐ́ζοις	ἐρῐ́ζοι	ἐρῐ́ζοιτον	ἐρῐζοίτην	ἐρῐ́ζοιμεν	ἐρῐ́ζοιτε	ἐρῐ́ζοιεν
	imperative		ἔρῐζε	ἐρῐζέτω	ἐρῐ́ζετον	ἐρῐζέτων		ἐρῐ́ζετε	ἐρῐζόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρῐ́ζομαι	ἐρῐ́ζῃ, ἐρῐ́ζει	ἐρῐ́ζεται	ἐρῐ́ζεσθον	ἐρῐ́ζεσθον	ἐρῐζόμεθᾰ	ἐρῐ́ζεσθε	ἐρῐ́ζονται
	subjunctive	ἐρῐ́ζωμαι	ἐρῐ́ζῃ	ἐρῐ́ζηται	ἐρῐ́ζησθον	ἐρῐ́ζησθον	ἐρῐζώμεθᾰ	ἐρῐ́ζησθε	ἐρῐ́ζωνται
	optative	ἐρῐζοίμην	ἐρῐ́ζοιο	ἐρῐ́ζοιτο	ἐρῐ́ζοισθον	ἐρῐζοίσθην	ἐρῐζοίμεθᾰ	ἐρῐ́ζοισθε	ἐρῐ́ζοιντο
	imperative		ἐρῐ́ζου	ἐρῐζέσθω	ἐρῐ́ζεσθον	ἐρῐζέσθων		ἐρῐ́ζεσθε	ἐρῐζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρῐ́ζειν				ἐρῐ́ζεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρῐ́ζων				ἐρῐζόμενος
	f	ἐρῐ́ζουσᾰ				ἐρῐζομένη
	n	ἐρῐ́ζον				ἐρῐζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἤρῐζον, ἠρῐζόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρῐζον	ἤρῐζες	ἤρῐζε(ν)	ἠρῐ́ζετον	ἠρῐζέτην	ἠρῐ́ζομεν	ἠρῐ́ζετε	ἤρῐζον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρῐζόμην	ἠρῐ́ζου	ἠρῐ́ζετο	ἠρῐ́ζεσθον	ἠρῐζέσθην	ἠρῐζόμεθᾰ	ἠρῐ́ζεσθε	ἠρῐ́ζοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐρῐέω, ἐρῐέομαι, ἐρῐσθήσομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρῐέω	ἐρῐέεις	ἐρῐέει	ἐρῐέετον	ἐρῐέετον	ἐρῐέομεν	ἐρῐέετε	ἐρῐέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῐέοιμῐ	ἐρῐέοις	ἐρῐέοι	ἐρῐέοιτον	ἐρῐεοίτην	ἐρῐέοιμεν	ἐρῐέοιτε	ἐρῐέοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐρῐέομαι	ἐρῐέῃ, ἐρῐέει	ἐρῐέεται	ἐρῐέεσθον	ἐρῐέεσθον	ἐρῐεόμεθᾰ	ἐρῐέεσθε	ἐρῐέονται
	optative	ἐρῐεοίμην	ἐρῐέοιο	ἐρῐέοιτο	ἐρῐέοισθον	ἐρῐεοίσθην	ἐρῐεοίμεθᾰ	ἐρῐέοισθε	ἐρῐέοιντο
passive	indicative	ἐρῐσθήσομαι	ἐρῐσθήσῃ	ἐρῐσθήσεται	ἐρῐσθήσεσθον	ἐρῐσθήσεσθον	ἐρῐσθησόμεθᾰ	ἐρῐσθήσεσθε	ἐρῐσθήσονται
	optative	ἐρῐσθησοίμην	ἐρῐσθήσοιο	ἐρῐσθήσοιτο	ἐρῐσθήσοισθον	ἐρῐσθησοίσθην	ἐρῐσθησοίμεθᾰ	ἐρῐσθήσοισθε	ἐρῐσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐρῐέειν			ἐρῐέεσθαι		ἐρῐσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρῐέων			ἐρῐεόμενος		ἐρῐσθησόμενος
	f	ἐρῐέουσᾰ			ἐρῐεομένη		ἐρῐσθησομένη
	n	ἐρῐέον			ἐρῐεόμενον		ἐρῐσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐρῐῶ, ἐρῐοῦμαι, ἐρῐσθήσομαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρῐῶ	ἐρῐεῖς	ἐρῐεῖ	ἐρῐεῖτον	ἐρῐεῖτον	ἐρῐοῦμεν	ἐρῐεῖτε	ἐρῐοῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῐοίην, ἐρῐοῖμῐ	ἐρῐοίης, ἐρῐοῖς	ἐρῐοίη, ἐρῐοῖ	ἐρῐοῖτον, ἐρῐοίητον	ἐρῐοίτην, ἐρῐοιήτην	ἐρῐοῖμεν, ἐρῐοίημεν	ἐρῐοῖτε, ἐρῐοίητε	ἐρῐοῖεν, ἐρῐοίησᾰν
middle	indicative	ἐρῐοῦμαι	ἐρῐῇ	ἐρῐεῖται	ἐρῐεῖσθον	ἐρῐεῖσθον	ἐρῐούμεθᾰ	ἐρῐεῖσθε	ἐρῐοῦνται
	optative	ἐρῐοίμην	ἐρῐοῖο	ἐρῐοῖτο	ἐρῐοῖσθον	ἐρῐοίσθην	ἐρῐοίμεθᾰ	ἐρῐοῖσθε	ἐρῐοῖντο
passive	indicative	ἐρῐσθήσομαι	ἐρῐσθήσῃ	ἐρῐσθήσεται	ἐρῐσθήσεσθον	ἐρῐσθήσεσθον	ἐρῐσθησόμεθᾰ	ἐρῐσθήσεσθε	ἐρῐσθήσονται
	optative	ἐρῐσθησοίμην	ἐρῐσθήσοιο	ἐρῐσθήσοιτο	ἐρῐσθήσοισθον	ἐρῐσθησοίσθην	ἐρῐσθησοίμεθᾰ	ἐρῐσθήσοισθε	ἐρῐσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐρῐεῖν			ἐρῐεῖσθαι		ἐρῐσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρῐῶν			ἐρῐούμενος		ἐρῐσθησόμενος
	f	ἐρῐοῦσᾰ			ἐρῐουμένη		ἐρῐσθησομένη
	n	ἐρῐοῦν			ἐρῐούμενον		ἐρῐσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἤρῐσᾰ, ἠρῐσᾰ́μην, ἠρῐ́σθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρῐσᾰ	ἤρῐσᾰς	ἤρῐσε(ν)	ἠρῐ́σᾰτον	ἠρῐσᾰ́την	ἠρῐ́σᾰμεν	ἠρῐ́σᾰτε	ἤρῐσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρῐ́σω	ἐρῐ́σῃς	ἐρῐ́σῃ	ἐρῐ́σητον	ἐρῐ́σητον	ἐρῐ́σωμεν	ἐρῐ́σητε	ἐρῐ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῐ́σαιμῐ	ἐρῐ́σειᾰς, ἐρῐ́σαις	ἐρῐ́σειε(ν), ἐρῐ́σαι	ἐρῐ́σαιτον	ἐρῐσαίτην	ἐρῐ́σαιμεν	ἐρῐ́σαιτε	ἐρῐ́σειᾰν, ἐρῐ́σαιεν
	imperative		ἔρῐσον	ἐρῐσᾰ́τω	ἐρῐ́σᾰτον	ἐρῐσᾰ́των		ἐρῐ́σᾰτε	ἐρῐσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠρῐσᾰ́μην	ἠρῐ́σω	ἠρῐ́σᾰτο	ἠρῐ́σᾰσθον	ἠρῐσᾰ́σθην	ἠρῐσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠρῐ́σᾰσθε	ἠρῐ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐρῐ́σωμαι	ἐρῐ́σῃ	ἐρῐ́σηται	ἐρῐ́σησθον	ἐρῐ́σησθον	ἐρῐσώμεθᾰ	ἐρῐ́σησθε	ἐρῐ́σωνται
	optative	ἐρῐσαίμην	ἐρῐ́σαιο	ἐρῐ́σαιτο	ἐρῐ́σαισθον	ἐρῐσαίσθην	ἐρῐσαίμεθᾰ	ἐρῐ́σαισθε	ἐρῐ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἔρῐσαι	ἐρῐσᾰ́σθω	ἐρῐ́σᾰσθον	ἐρῐσᾰ́σθων		ἐρῐ́σᾰσθε	ἐρῐσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἠρῐ́σθην	ἠρῐ́σθης	ἠρῐ́σθη	ἠρῐ́σθητον	ἠρῐσθήτην	ἠρῐ́σθημεν	ἠρῐ́σθητε	ἠρῐ́σθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρῐσθῶ	ἐρῐσθῇς	ἐρῐσθῇ	ἐρῐσθῆτον	ἐρῐσθῆτον	ἐρῐσθῶμεν	ἐρῐσθῆτε	ἐρῐσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρῐσθείην	ἐρῐσθείης	ἐρῐσθείη	ἐρῐσθεῖτον, ἐρῐσθείητον	ἐρῐσθείτην, ἐρῐσθειήτην	ἐρῐσθεῖμεν, ἐρῐσθείημεν	ἐρῐσθεῖτε, ἐρῐσθείητε	ἐρῐσθεῖεν, ἐρῐσθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐρῐ́σθητῐ	ἐρῐσθήτω	ἐρῐ́σθητον	ἐρῐσθήτων		ἐρῐ́σθητε	ἐρῐσθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐρῐ́σαι			ἐρῐ́σᾰσθαι		ἐρῐσθῆναι
participle	m	ἐρῐ́σᾱς			ἐρῐσᾰ́μενος		ἐρῐσθείς
	f	ἐρῐ́σᾱσᾰ			ἐρῐσᾰμένη		ἐρῐσθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἐρῐ́σᾰν			ἐρῐσᾰ́μενον		ἐρῐσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἤρῐκᾰ, ἤρῐσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρῐκᾰ	ἤρῐκᾰς	ἤρῐκε(ν)	ἠρῐ́κᾰτον	ἠρῐ́κᾰτον	ἠρῐ́κᾰμεν	ἠρῐ́κᾰτε	ἠρῐ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἠρῐ́κω	ἠρῐ́κῃς	ἠρῐ́κῃ	ἠρῐ́κητον	ἠρῐ́κητον	ἠρῐ́κωμεν	ἠρῐ́κητε	ἠρῐ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠρῐ́κοιμῐ, ἠρῐκοίην	ἠρῐ́κοις, ἠρῐκοίης	ἠρῐ́κοι, ἠρῐκοίη	ἠρῐ́κοιτον	ἠρῐκοίτην	ἠρῐ́κοιμεν	ἠρῐ́κοιτε	ἠρῐ́κοιεν
	imperative		ἤρῐκε	ἠρῐκέτω	ἠρῐ́κετον	ἠρῐκέτων		ἠρῐ́κετε	ἠρῐκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἤρῐσμαι	ἤρῐσαι	ἤρῐσται	ἤρῐσθον	ἤρῐσθον	ἠρῐ́σμεθᾰ	ἤρῐσθε	ἠρῐ́δᾰται
	subjunctive	ἠρῐσμένος ὦ	ἠρῐσμένος ᾖς	ἠρῐσμένος ᾖ	ἠρῐσμένω ἦτον	ἠρῐσμένω ἦτον	ἠρῐσμένοι ὦμεν	ἠρῐσμένοι ἦτε	ἠρῐσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠρῐσμένος εἴην	ἠρῐσμένος εἴης	ἠρῐσμένος εἴη	ἠρῐσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἠρῐσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἠρῐσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἠρῐσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἠρῐσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἤρῐσο	ἠρῐ́σθω	ἤρῐσθον	ἠρῐ́σθων		ἤρῐσθε	ἠρῐ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἠρῐκέναι				ἠρῐ́σθαι
participle	m	ἠρῐκώς				ἠρῐσμένος
	f	ἠρῐκυῖᾰ				ἠρῐσμένη
	n	ἠρῐκός				ἠρῐσμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἠρῐ́κειν, ἠρῐ́σμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἠρῐ́κειν, ἠρῐ́κη	ἠρῐ́κεις, ἠρῐ́κης	ἠρῐ́κει(ν)	ἠρῐ́κετον	ἠρῐκέτην	ἠρῐ́κεμεν	ἠρῐ́κετε	ἠρῐ́κεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρῐ́σμην	ἤρῐσο	ἤρῐστο	ἤρῐσθον	ἠρῐ́σθην	ἠρῐ́σμεθᾰ	ἤρῐσθε	ἠρῐ́δᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: ἐρίζω, ἐρίζομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρίζω	ἐρίζεις	ἐρίζει	ἐρίζετον	ἐρίζετον	ἐρίζομεν	ἐρίζετε	ἐρίζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρίζω, ἐρίζωμῐ	ἐρίζῃς, ἐρίζῃσθᾰ	ἐρίζῃ, ἐρίζῃσῐ	ἐρίζητον	ἐρίζητον	ἐρίζωμεν	ἐρίζητε	ἐρίζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρίζοιμῐ	ἐρίζοισ(θᾰ)	ἐρίζοι	ἐρίζοιτον	ἐριζοίτην	ἐρίζοιμεν	ἐρίζοιτε	ἐρίζοιεν
	imperative		ἔριζε	ἐριζέτω	ἐρίζετον	ἐριζέτων		ἐρίζετε	ἐριζόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρίζομαι	ἐρίζεαι	ἐρίζεται	ἐρίζεσθον	ἐρίζεσθον	ἐριζόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρίζεσθε	ἐρίζονται
	subjunctive	ἐρίζωμαι	ἐρίζηαι	ἐρίζηται	ἐρίζησθον	ἐρίζησθον	ἐριζώμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρίζησθε	ἐρίζωνται
	optative	ἐριζοίμην	ἐρίζοιο	ἐρίζοιτο	ἐρίζοισθον	ἐριζοίσθην	ἐριζοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρίζοισθε	ἐριζοίᾰτο
	imperative		ἐρίζεο	ἐριζέσθω	ἐρίζεσθον	ἐριζέσθων		ἐρίζεσθε	ἐριζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρίζειν/ἐριζέμεν(αι)/ἐριζμέναι				ἐρίζεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρίζων				ἐριζόμενος
	f	ἐρίζουσᾰ				ἐριζομένη
	n	ἐρῖζον				ἐριζόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐρήρισμαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ἐρήρισμαι	ἐρήρισαι	ἐρήρισται	ἐρήρισθον	ἐρήρισθον	ἐρηρίσμεθᾰ	ἐρήρισθε	ἐρηρίδᾰται
	subjunctive	ἐρηρισμένος ὦ	ἐρηρισμένος ᾖς	ἐρηρισμένος ᾖ	ἐρηρισμένω ἦτον	ἐρηρισμένω ἦτον	ἐρηρισμένοι ὦμεν	ἐρηρισμένοι ἦτε	ἐρηρισμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρηρισμένος εἴην	ἐρηρισμένος εἴης	ἐρηρισμένος εἴη	ἐρηρισμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐρηρισμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐρηρισμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐρηρισμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐρηρίσμενοι εἰησᾰ́ν/εἰεν
	imperative		ἐρήρισο	ἐρηρίσθω	ἐρήρισθον	ἐρηρίσθων		ἐρήρισθε	ἐρηρίσθων
infinitive						ἐρηρῖσθαι
participle	m					ἐρηρισμένος
	f					ἐρηρισμένη
	n					ἐρηρισμένον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

• “ἐρίζω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐρίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐρίζω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἐρίζω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “ἐρίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐρίζω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2051 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • argue idem, page 39.
  • bicker idem, page 78.
  • brawl idem, page 94.
  • cavil idem, page 120.
  • contend idem, page 167.
  • differ idem, page 223.
  • disagree idem, page 227.
  • discuss idem, page 232.
  • dispute idem, page 238.
  • emulate idem, page 269.
  • feud idem, page 317.
  • nag idem, page 549.
  • odds idem, page 569.
  • quarrel idem, page 663.
  • rival idem, page 718.
  • variance idem, page 944.
  • vie (with) idem, page 951.
  • wrangle idem, page 991.