ἐρέφω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἐρέπτω (eréptō)

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *erépʰō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rébʰ-e-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“to cover, to roof; rib”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.ré.pʰɔː/ → /eˈre.ɸo/ → /eˈre.fo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.ré.pʰɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈre.pʰo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈre.ɸo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈre.fo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈre.fo/

Verb

ἐρέφω • (eréphō)

1. to cover with a roof
   • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1110
   • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Fragments 73
   • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 265
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.450
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.193
   • 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1.25
2. to crown
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 13.32
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 473
3. (middle voice) to crown oneself
   • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 2.159
   • 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 8.24
   • 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 12.70
   • 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 323
4. to wreathe, cover (as with garlands)
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.68

Inflection

   Present: ἐρέφω, ἐρέφομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρέφω	ἐρέφεις	ἐρέφει	ἐρέφετον	ἐρέφετον	ἐρέφομεν	ἐρέφετε	ἐρέφουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρέφω	ἐρέφῃς	ἐρέφῃ	ἐρέφητον	ἐρέφητον	ἐρέφωμεν	ἐρέφητε	ἐρέφωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρέφοιμῐ	ἐρέφοις	ἐρέφοι	ἐρέφοιτον	ἐρεφοίτην	ἐρέφοιμεν	ἐρέφοιτε	ἐρέφοιεν
	imperative		ἔρεφε	ἐρεφέτω	ἐρέφετον	ἐρεφέτων		ἐρέφετε	ἐρεφόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρέφομαι	ἐρέφῃ, ἐρέφει	ἐρέφεται	ἐρέφεσθον	ἐρέφεσθον	ἐρεφόμεθᾰ	ἐρέφεσθε	ἐρέφονται
	subjunctive	ἐρέφωμαι	ἐρέφῃ	ἐρέφηται	ἐρέφησθον	ἐρέφησθον	ἐρεφώμεθᾰ	ἐρέφησθε	ἐρέφωνται
	optative	ἐρεφοίμην	ἐρέφοιο	ἐρέφοιτο	ἐρέφοισθον	ἐρεφοίσθην	ἐρεφοίμεθᾰ	ἐρέφοισθε	ἐρέφοιντο
	imperative		ἐρέφου	ἐρεφέσθω	ἐρέφεσθον	ἐρεφέσθων		ἐρέφεσθε	ἐρεφέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρέφειν				ἐρέφεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρέφων				ἐρεφόμενος
	f	ἐρέφουσᾰ				ἐρεφομένη
	n	ἐρέφον				ἐρεφόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: ἐρέπτω, ἐρέπτομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρέπτω	ἐρέπτεις	ἐρέπτει	ἐρέπτετον	ἐρέπτετον	ἐρέπτομεν	ἐρέπτετε	ἐρέπτουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐρέπτω	ἐρέπτῃς	ἐρέπτῃ	ἐρέπτητον	ἐρέπτητον	ἐρέπτωμεν	ἐρέπτητε	ἐρέπτωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρέπτοιμῐ	ἐρέπτοις	ἐρέπτοι	ἐρέπτοιτον	ἐρεπτοίτην	ἐρέπτοιμεν	ἐρέπτοιτε	ἐρέπτοιεν
	imperative		ἔρεπτε	ἐρεπτέτω	ἐρέπτετον	ἐρεπτέτων		ἐρέπτετε	ἐρεπτόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρέπτομαι	ἐρέπτῃ, ἐρέπτει	ἐρέπτεται	ἐρέπτεσθον	ἐρέπτεσθον	ἐρεπτόμεθᾰ	ἐρέπτεσθε	ἐρέπτονται
	subjunctive	ἐρέπτωμαι	ἐρέπτῃ	ἐρέπτηται	ἐρέπτησθον	ἐρέπτησθον	ἐρεπτώμεθᾰ	ἐρέπτησθε	ἐρέπτωνται
	optative	ἐρεπτοίμην	ἐρέπτοιο	ἐρέπτοιτο	ἐρέπτοισθον	ἐρεπτοίσθην	ἐρεπτοίμεθᾰ	ἐρέπτοισθε	ἐρέπτοιντο
	imperative		ἐρέπτου	ἐρεπτέσθω	ἐρέπτεσθον	ἐρεπτέσθων		ἐρέπτεσθε	ἐρεπτέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐρέπτειν				ἐρέπτεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρέπτων				ἐρεπτόμενος
	f	ἐρέπτουσᾰ				ἐρεπτομένη
	n	ἐρέπτον				ἐρεπτόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἤρεφον, ἠρεφόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρεφον	ἤρεφες	ἤρεφε(ν)	ἠρέφετον	ἠρεφέτην	ἠρέφομεν	ἠρέφετε	ἤρεφον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρεφόμην	ἠρέφου	ἠρέφετο	ἠρέφεσθον	ἠρεφέσθην	ἠρεφόμεθᾰ	ἠρέφεσθε	ἠρέφοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἤρεπτον, ἠρεπτόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρεπτον	ἤρεπτες	ἤρεπτε(ν)	ἠρέπτετον	ἠρεπτέτην	ἠρέπτομεν	ἠρέπτετε	ἤρεπτον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρεπτόμην	ἠρέπτου	ἠρέπτετο	ἠρέπτεσθον	ἠρεπτέσθην	ἠρεπτόμεθᾰ	ἠρέπτεσθε	ἠρέπτοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔρεφον, ἐρεφόμην (Poetic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρεφον	ἔρεφες	ἔρεφε(ν)	ἐρέφετον	ἐρεφέτην	ἐρέφομεν	ἐρέφετε	ἔρεφον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρεφόμην	ἐρέφου	ἐρέφετο	ἐρέφεσθον	ἐρεφέσθην	ἐρεφόμεθᾰ	ἐρέφεσθε	ἐρέφοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐρέψω, ἐρέψομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐρέψω	ἐρέψεις	ἐρέψει	ἐρέψετον	ἐρέψετον	ἐρέψομεν	ἐρέψετε	ἐρέψουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρέψοιμῐ	ἐρέψοις	ἐρέψοι	ἐρέψοιτον	ἐρεψοίτην	ἐρέψοιμεν	ἐρέψοιτε	ἐρέψοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐρέψομαι	ἐρέψῃ, ἐρέψει	ἐρέψεται	ἐρέψεσθον	ἐρέψεσθον	ἐρεψόμεθᾰ	ἐρέψεσθε	ἐρέψονται
	optative	ἐρεψοίμην	ἐρέψοιο	ἐρέψοιτο	ἐρέψοισθον	ἐρεψοίσθην	ἐρεψοίμεθᾰ	ἐρέψοισθε	ἐρέψοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐρέψειν			ἐρέψεσθαι
participle	m	ἐρέψων			ἐρεψόμενος
	f	ἐρέψουσᾰ			ἐρεψομένη
	n	ἐρέψον			ἐρεψόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἤρεψᾰ, ἠρεψᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρεψᾰ	ἤρεψᾰς	ἤρεψε(ν)	ἠρέψᾰτον	ἠρεψᾰ́την	ἠρέψᾰμεν	ἠρέψᾰτε	ἤρεψᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρέψω	ἐρέψῃς	ἐρέψῃ	ἐρέψητον	ἐρέψητον	ἐρέψωμεν	ἐρέψητε	ἐρέψωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρέψαιμῐ	ἐρέψειᾰς, ἐρέψαις	ἐρέψειε(ν), ἐρέψαι	ἐρέψαιτον	ἐρεψαίτην	ἐρέψαιμεν	ἐρέψαιτε	ἐρέψειᾰν, ἐρέψαιεν
	imperative		ἔρεψον	ἐρεψᾰ́τω	ἐρέψᾰτον	ἐρεψᾰ́των		ἐρέψᾰτε	ἐρεψᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠρεψᾰ́μην	ἠρέψω	ἠρέψᾰτο	ἠρέψᾰσθον	ἠρεψᾰ́σθην	ἠρεψᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠρέψᾰσθε	ἠρέψᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐρέψωμαι	ἐρέψῃ	ἐρέψηται	ἐρέψησθον	ἐρέψησθον	ἐρεψώμεθᾰ	ἐρέψησθε	ἐρέψωνται
	optative	ἐρεψαίμην	ἐρέψαιο	ἐρέψαιτο	ἐρέψαισθον	ἐρεψαίσθην	ἐρεψαίμεθᾰ	ἐρέψαισθε	ἐρέψαιντο
	imperative		ἔρεψαι	ἐρεψᾰ́σθω	ἐρέψᾰσθον	ἐρεψᾰ́σθων		ἐρέψᾰσθε	ἐρεψᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐρέψαι			ἐρέψᾰσθαι
participle	m	ἐρέψᾱς			ἐρεψᾰ́μενος
	f	ἐρέψᾱσᾰ			ἐρεψᾰμένη
	n	ἐρέψᾰν			ἐρεψᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔρεψᾰ, ἐρεψᾰ́μην (Epic, Lyric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔρεψᾰ	ἔρεψᾰς	ἔρεψε(ν)	ἐρέψᾰτον	ἐρεψᾰ́την	ἐρέψᾰμεν	ἐρέψᾰτε	ἔρεψᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐρέψω	ἐρέψῃς	ἐρέψῃ	ἐρέψητον	ἐρέψητον	ἐρέψωμεν	ἐρέψητε	ἐρέψωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐρέψαιμῐ	ἐρέψειᾰς, ἐρέψαις	ἐρέψειε(ν), ἐρέψαι	ἐρέψαιτον	ἐρεψαίτην	ἐρέψαιμεν	ἐρέψαιτε	ἐρέψειᾰν, ἐρέψαιεν
	imperative		ἔρεψον	ἐρεψᾰ́τω	ἐρέψᾰτον	ἐρεψᾰ́των		ἐρέψᾰτε	ἐρεψᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐρεψᾰ́μην	ἐρέψω	ἐρέψᾰτο	ἐρέψᾰσθον	ἐρεψᾰ́σθην	ἐρεψᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐρέψᾰσθε	ἐρέψᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐρέψωμαι	ἐρέψῃ	ἐρέψηται	ἐρέψησθον	ἐρέψησθον	ἐρεψώμεθᾰ	ἐρέψησθε	ἐρέψωνται
	optative	ἐρεψαίμην	ἐρέψαιο	ἐρέψαιτο	ἐρέψαισθον	ἐρεψαίσθην	ἐρεψαίμεθᾰ	ἐρέψαισθε	ἐρέψαιντο
	imperative		ἔρεψαι	ἐρεψᾰ́σθω	ἐρέψᾰσθον	ἐρεψᾰ́σθων		ἐρέψᾰσθε	ἐρεψᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐρέψαι			ἐρέψᾰσθαι
participle	m	ἐρέψᾱς			ἐρεψᾰ́μενος
	f	ἐρέψᾱσᾰ			ἐρεψᾰμένη
	n	ἐρέψᾰν			ἐρεψᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἤρεμμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἤρεμμαι	ἤρεψαι	ἤρεπται	ἤρεφθον	ἤρεφθον	ἠρέμμεθᾰ	ἤρεφθε	ἠρέφᾰται
	subjunctive	ἠρεμμένος ὦ	ἠρεμμένος ᾖς	ἠρεμμένος ᾖ	ἠρεμμένω ἦτον	ἠρεμμένω ἦτον	ἠρεμμένοι ὦμεν	ἠρεμμένοι ἦτε	ἠρεμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠρεμμένος εἴην	ἠρεμμένος εἴης	ἠρεμμένος εἴη	ἠρεμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἠρεμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἠρεμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἠρεμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἠρεμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἤρεψο	ἠρέφθω	ἤρεφθον	ἠρέφθων		ἤρεφθε	ἠρέφθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ἠρέφθαι
participle	m					ἠρεμμένος
	f					ἠρεμμένη
	n					ἠρεμμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀμφερέφω, ἀμφηρεφής (ampheréphō, amphērephḗs)
• ἐπερέφω (eperéphō)
• κατερέφω (kateréphō)
• ὑψερεφής (hupserephḗs)

 

Related terms

• ἐρέψιμος (erépsimos)
• ἔρεψις (érepsis)
• ὄροφος (órophos)
• ὀροφή (orophḗ)

References

• “ἐρέφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐρέφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἐρέφω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐρέφω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐρέφω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἐρέφω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter