ἐθέλω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- θέλω (thélō)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₁gʷʰel- (“to wish”). Cognates include Proto-Slavic *želěti (“to wish, want”) (whence Old Church Slavonic желѣти (želěti)).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.tʰé.lɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈtʰe.lo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈθe.lo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈθe.lo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈθe.lo/
Verb
[edit]ἐθέλω • (ethélō)
- usually weaker than βούλομαι (boúlomai), of consent rather than desire: (intransitive) to be willing, to wish [with infinitive ‘to do something’]
- (with negative) to not care to, be unable
- 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Demeter 45
- (of inanimate objects)
Inflection
[edit] Present: ἐθέλω, ἐθέλομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θέλω | θέλεις | θέλει | θέλετον | θέλετον | θέλομεν | θέλετε | θέλουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | θέλω | θέλῃς | θέλῃ | θέλητον | θέλητον | θέλωμεν | θέλητε | θέλωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | θέλοιμῐ | θέλοις | θέλοι | θέλοιτον | θελοίτην | θέλοιμεν | θέλοιτε | θέλοιεν | |||||
imperative | θέλε | θελέτω | θέλετον | θελέτων | θέλετε | θελόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | θέλομαι | θέλῃ, θέλει |
θέλεται | θέλεσθον | θέλεσθον | θελόμεθᾰ | θέλεσθε | θέλονται | ||||
subjunctive | θέλωμαι | θέλῃ | θέληται | θέλησθον | θέλησθον | θελώμεθᾰ | θέλησθε | θέλωνται | |||||
optative | θελοίμην | θέλοιο | θέλοιτο | θέλοισθον | θελοίσθην | θελοίμεθᾰ | θέλοισθε | θέλοιντο | |||||
imperative | θέλου | θελέσθω | θέλεσθον | θελέσθων | θέλεσθε | θελέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | θέλειν | θέλεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | θέλων | θελόμενος | ||||||||||
f | θέλουσᾰ | θελομένη | |||||||||||
n | θέλον | θελόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤθελον | ἤθελες | ἤθελε(ν) | ἠθέλετον | ἠθελέτην | ἠθέλομεν | ἠθέλετε | ἤθελον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠθελόμην | ἠθέλου | ἠθέλετο | ἠθέλεσθον | ἠθελέσθην | ἠθελόμεθᾰ | ἠθέλεσθε | ἠθέλοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔθελον | ἔθελες | ἔθελε(ν) | ἐθέλετον | ἐθελέτην | ἐθέλομεν | ἐθέλετε | ἔθελον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐθελόμην | ἐθέλου | ἐθέλετο | ἐθέλεσθον | ἐθελέσθην | ἐθελόμεθᾰ | ἐθέλεσθε | ἐθέλοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐθέλεσκον | ἐθέλεσκες | ἐθέλεσκε(ν) | ἐθελέσκετον | ἐθελεσκέτην | ἐθελέσκομεν | ἐθελέσκετε | ἐθέλεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐθελεσκόμην | ἐθελέσκου | ἐθελέσκετο | ἐθελέσκεσθον | ἐθελεσκέσθην | ἐθελεσκόμεθᾰ | ἐθελέσκεσθε | ἐθελέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ἐθελήσω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐθελήσω | ἐθελήσεις | ἐθελήσει | ἐθελήσετον | ἐθελήσετον | ἐθελήσομεν | ἐθελήσετε | ἐθελήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ἐθελήσοιμῐ | ἐθελήσοις | ἐθελήσοι | ἐθελήσοιτον | ἐθελησοίτην | ἐθελήσοιμεν | ἐθελήσοιτε | ἐθελήσοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐθελήσειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐθελήσων | |||||||||||
f | ἐθελήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐθελῆσον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: θελήσω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θελήσω | θελήσεις | θελήσει | θελήσετον | θελήσετον | θελήσομεν | θελήσετε | θελήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | θελήσοιμῐ | θελήσοις | θελήσοι | θελήσοιτον | θελησοίτην | θελήσοιμεν | θελήσοιτε | θελήσοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θελήσειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θελήσων | |||||||||||
f | θελήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | θελῆσον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἠθέλησᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠθέλησᾰ | ἠθέλησᾰς | ἠθέλησε(ν) | ἠθελήσᾰτον | ἠθελησᾰ́την | ἠθελήσᾰμεν | ἠθελήσᾰτε | ἠθέλησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ἐθελήσω | ἐθελήσῃς | ἐθελήσῃ | ἐθελήσητον | ἐθελήσητον | ἐθελήσωμεν | ἐθελήσητε | ἐθελήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐθελήσαιμῐ | ἐθελήσειᾰς, ἐθελήσαις |
ἐθελήσειε(ν), ἐθελήσαι |
ἐθελήσαιτον | ἐθελησαίτην | ἐθελήσαιμεν | ἐθελήσαιτε | ἐθελήσειᾰν, ἐθελήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | ἐθέλησον | ἐθελησᾰ́τω | ἐθελήσᾰτον | ἐθελησᾰ́των | ἐθελήσᾰτε | ἐθελησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐθελῆσαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐθελήσᾱς | |||||||||||
f | ἐθελήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐθελῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐθέλησᾰ | ἐθέλησᾰς | ἐθέλησε(ν) | ἐθελήσᾰτον | ἐθελησᾰ́την | ἐθελήσᾰμεν | ἐθελήσᾰτε | ἐθέλησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | θελήσω, θελήσωμῐ |
θελήσῃς, θελήσῃσθᾰ |
θελήσῃ, θελήσῃσῐ |
θελήσητον | θελήσητον | θελήσωμεν | θελήσητε | θελήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | θελήσαιμῐ | θελήσαις, θελήσαισθᾰ, θελήσειᾰς |
θελήσειε(ν), θελήσαι |
θελησεῖτον | θελησείτην | θελησεῖμεν | θελησεῖτε | θελησεῖεν | |||||
imperative | θέλησον | θελησᾰ́τω | θελήσᾰτον | θελησᾰ́των | θελήσᾰτε | θελησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θελῆσαι/θελησᾰ́μεν/θελησᾰμέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θελήσᾱς | |||||||||||
f | θελήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | θελῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἠθέληκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠθέληκᾰ | ἠθέληκᾰς | ἠθέληκε(ν) | ἠθελήκᾰτον | ἠθελήκᾰτον | ἠθελήκᾰμεν | ἠθελήκᾰτε | ἠθελήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἠθελήκω | ἠθελήκῃς | ἠθελήκῃ | ἠθελήκητον | ἠθελήκητον | ἠθελήκωμεν | ἠθελήκητε | ἠθελήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἠθελήκοιμῐ, ἠθεληκοίην |
ἠθελήκοις, ἠθεληκοίης |
ἠθελήκοι, ἠθεληκοίη |
ἠθελήκοιτον | ἠθεληκοίτην | ἠθελήκοιμεν | ἠθελήκοιτε | ἠθελήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἠθέληκε | ἠθεληκέτω | ἠθελήκετον | ἠθεληκέτων | ἠθελήκετε | ἠθεληκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἠθεληκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἠθεληκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἠθεληκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἠθεληκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἠθελήκειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠθελήκειν, ἠθελήκη |
ἠθελήκεις, ἠθελήκης |
ἠθελήκει(ν) | ἠθελήκετον | ἠθεληκέτην | ἠθελήκεμεν | ἠθελήκετε | ἠθελήκεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐτεθελήκειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐτεθελήκειν, ἐτεθελήκη |
ἐτεθελήκεις, ἐτεθελήκης |
ἐτεθελήκει(ν) | ἐτεθελήκετον | ἐτεθεληκέτην | ἐτεθελήκεμεν | ἐτεθελήκετε | ἐτεθελήκεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἐθέλεχθρος (ethélekhthros)
- ἐθελόδουλος (ethelódoulos)
- ἐθελόκακος (ethelókakos)
- ἐθελοκίνδυνος (ethelokíndunos)
- ἐθελόκωφος (ethelókōphos)
- ἐθελοντηδόν (ethelontēdón)
- ἐθελοντήν (ethelontḗn)
- ἐθελοντήρ (ethelontḗr)
- ἐθελοντής (ethelontḗs)
- ἐθελοντί (ethelontí)
- ἐθελόντως (ethelóntōs)
- ἐθελόπονος (ethelóponos)
- ἐθελουργός (ethelourgós)
- ἐθελούσιος (etheloúsios)
- συνεθέλω (sunethélō)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: θέλω (thélo)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐθέλω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377
Further reading
[edit]- “ἐθέλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐθέλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐθέλω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐθέλω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἐθέλω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter