ἐγγύς

See also: εγγύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Seems to be from ἐν (en, “in, at”) + Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“hand; to curve”) (whence γυῖον (guîon, “hand”), ἐγγῠ́η (engŭ́ē, “pledge, security”)), thus meaning "at hand (i.e. nearby)".

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /eŋ.ɡýs/ → /eɲˈɟys/ → /eɲˈɟis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /eŋ.ɡýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eŋˈɡys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eɲˈɟys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eɲˈɟys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eɲˈɟis/

Adverb

ἐγγῠ́ς • (engŭ́s)

1. near
   1. (of place)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.86
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1217
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.340
      • 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 37
      • 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 686
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 65
      • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 59
      • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Refusal of a Pension 20
   2. (of time)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.453
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.2
   3. (of numbers)
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.5
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.1.28
      • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 198B
      • 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 30
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 96
   4. (of qualities)
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 520A
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.13
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.22
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.86
      • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 288
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 452E
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 116B
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 508C
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 65A
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Philip 123
   5. (of relationships) akin
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 30A
      • 4th century BC, Isaeus, Pyrrhus 72
      • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 388
      • 390 BCE, Plato, Hippias Major 304D
      • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1666

Inflection

• Comparative: ἐγγῠτέρω (engŭtérō), ἐγγῠ́τερον (engŭ́teron), ἔγγῑον (éngīon)
• Superlative: ἐγγῠτᾰ́τω (engŭtắtō), ἐγγῠ́τᾰτᾰ (engŭ́tătă), ἔγγῐστᾰ (éngĭstă)

Derived terms

• ἐγγῐ́ζω (engĭ́zō)

Further reading

• “ἐγγύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐγγύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἐγγύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐγγύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐγγύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἐγγύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• “ἐγγύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G1451 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • by idem, page 107.
  • close by idem, page 138.
  • closely idem, page 139.
  • contiguously idem, page 168.
  • hand idem, page 382.
  • near idem, page 553.
  • next idem, page 557.