ἄφενος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἄφνος (áphnos)

Etymology

Traditionally connected to Sanskrit अप्नस् (apnas, “property, possession”) and Latin ops (“power. strength”). The agreement with Hittite [script needed] (ḫappina-, “rich”) is remarkable, but cannot be correct in view of the more likely comparison with the above, which are probably not directly related to the Hittite word. The Greek word looks Proto-Indo-European: according to Beekes, a root *h₂bʰen- is the obvious reconstruction. The recent attempt to connect this word with Proto-Indo-European *h₂ebʰ- (“stream”) does not convince, but it would be similar to affluent (i.e. "flowing") and to πλοῦτος (ploûtos) (i.e. "flowing").

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.pʰe.nos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pʰe.nos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɸe.nos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fe.nos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fe.nos/

Noun

ἄφενος • (áphenos) n (genitive ἀφένους); third declension

revenue, riches, wealth, abundance
Synonym: πλοῦτος (ploûtos)

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ἄφενος; τοῦ ἀφένους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἄφενος tò áphenos	τὼ ἀφένει tṑ aphénei	τᾰ̀ ἀφένη tà aphénē
Genitive	τοῦ ἀφένους toû aphénous	τοῖν ἀφενοῖν toîn aphenoîn	τῶν ἀφενῶν tôn aphenôn
Dative	τῷ ἀφένει tôi aphénei	τοῖν ἀφενοῖν toîn aphenoîn	τοῖς ἀφένεσῐ / ἀφένεσῐν toîs aphénesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἄφενος tò áphenos	τὼ ἀφένει tṑ aphénei	τᾰ̀ ἀφένη tà aphénē
Vocative	ἄφενος áphenos	ἀφένει aphénei	ἀφένη aphénē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀφνειός (aphneiós)
ἀφνήμων (aphnḗmōn)
ἀφνύει (aphnúei)
εὐηφενής (euēphenḗs)

“ἄφενος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἄφενος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἄφενος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄφενος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄφενος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄφενος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN