ἄρνυμαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A present nu-stem from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to take”), unrelated to ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “fit together”). Cognate with Old Armenian առնում (aṙnum, “take”) and probably Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (ər^ənuuaⁱṇti, “they grant”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ár.ny.mai̯/ → /ˈar.ny.mɛ/ → /ˈar.ni.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ár.ny.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ny.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ny.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ny.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ni.me/

Verb

ἄρνυμαι • (árnumai)

1. to get, win, gain, achieve, receive (usually in positive sense)
   1. (present, imperfect) to strive for, try to get
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4–5:

        Πολλὰ δ’ ὅ γ’ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θῡμόν,
        ἀρνύμενος ἥν τε ψῡχὴν καὶ νόστον ἑταίρων.

        Pollà d’ hó g’ en póntōi páthen álgea hòn katà thūmón,
        arnúmenos hḗn te psūkhḕn kaì nóston hetaírōn.

        [Odysseus] suffered many sorrows in his heart on the sea,
        striving for his life and his comrades' homecoming.

2. to take up, bear, carry

Inflection

   Present: ἄρνῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἄρνῠμαι	ἄρνῠσαι	ἄρνῠται	ἄρνῠσθον	ἄρνῠσθον	ἀρνῠ́μεθα	ἄρνῠσθε	ἄρνῠνται
	subjunctive	ἀρνῠ́ωμαι	ἀρνῠ́ῃ	ἀρνῠ́ηται	ἀρνῠ́ησθον	ἀρνῠ́ησθον	ἀρνῠώμεθᾰ	ἀρνῠ́ησθε	ἀρνῠ́ωνται
	optative	ἀρνῠοίμην	ἀρνῠ́οιο	ἀρνῠ́οιτο	ἀρνῠ́οισθον	ἀρνῠοίσθην	ἀρνῠοίμεθᾰ	ἀρνῠ́οισθε	ἀρνῠ́οιντο
	imperative		ἄρνῠσο	ἀρνῠ́σθω	ἄρνῠσθον	ἀρνῠ́σθων		ἄρνῠσθε	ἀρνῠ́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ἄρνῠσθαι
participle	m					ἀρνῠ́μενος
	f					ἀρνῠμένη
	n					ἀρνῠ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἀρόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀρόμην	ἄρου	ἄρετο	ἄρεσθον	ἀρέσθην	ἀρόμεθᾰ	ἄρεσθε	ἄροντο
	subjunctive	ἄρωμαι	ἄρῃ	ἄρηται	ἄρησθον	ἄρησθον	ἀρώμεθᾰ	ἄρησθε	ἄρωνται
	optative	ἀροίμην	ἄροιο	ἄροιτο	ἄροισθον	ἀροίσθην	ἀροίμεθᾰ	ἄροισθε	ἄροιντο
	imperative		ἀροῦ	ἀρέσθω	ἄρεσθον	ἀρέσθων		ἄρεσθε	ἀρέσθων
					middle
infinitive					ἀρέσθαι
participle	m				ἀρόμενος
	f				ἀρομένη
	n				ἀρόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

• “ἄρνυμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄρνυμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἄρνυμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἄρνυμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἄρνυμαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄρνυμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “aṙnum”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 112