ἄρθρον
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-dʰrom, from *h₂er- (“to fit”) + *-dʰrom (“tool or instrument suffix”), synchronically analyzable as ἀραρίσκω (ararískō) + -θρον (-thron).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ár.tʰron/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈar.tʰron/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈar.θron/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈar.θron/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈar.θron/
Noun
[edit]ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (árthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension
- (anatomy) joint
- Synonym: ἅψος (hápsos)
- (anatomy) limb
- articulation
- ἄρθρον τῆς φωνῆς (árthron tês phōnês) – vocal articulation
- (grammar) connecting word
- (grammar) an article: a category including the definite article ὁ (ho) and the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós)
Usage notes
[edit]Note concerning definition #2, ἄρθρον (árthron) was sometimes used to refer to various body parts such as the ankles, eyes, mouth, genitals, etc.
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ᾰ̓́ρθρον tò árthron |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρθρω tṑ árthrō |
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ρθρᾰ tà árthra | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓́ρθρου toû árthrou |
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρθροιν toîn árthroin |
τῶν ᾰ̓́ρθρων tôn árthrōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓́ρθρῳ tôi árthrōi |
τοῖν ᾰ̓́ρθροιν toîn árthroin |
τοῖς ᾰ̓́ρθροις toîs árthrois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ᾰ̓́ρθρον tò árthron |
τὼ ᾰ̓́ρθρω tṑ árthrō |
τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́ρθρᾰ tà árthra | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́ρθρον árthron |
ᾰ̓́ρθρω árthrō |
ᾰ̓́ρθρᾰ árthra | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: άρθρο (árthro)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄρθρον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130
Further reading
[edit]- “ἄρθρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἄρθρον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄρθρον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄρθρον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- ἄρθρον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- joint idem, page 463.
- “ἄρθρον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Indo-European terms prefixed with *h₂er-
- Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-dʰrom
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -θρον
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension
- grc:Anatomy
- grc:Grammar
- grc:Parts of speech