ἀμυδρός

See also: αμυδρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown. Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark”) is close in meaning and form, but the two cannot be combined in Indo-European terms. Influence of φαιδρός (phaidrós, “bright, beaming”) has been proposed, but such contaminations are often rather gratuitous. In principle, ἀμυδ- may continue an Indo-European root *h₂mud-. The Slavic root Proto-Slavic *mъd- (“weakness”) cannot continue *h₂mud- in view of Winter's Law (so it is from *mudʰ-).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.my.drós/ → /a.myˈðros/ → /a.miˈðros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.my.drós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.myˈdros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.myˈðros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.myˈðros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.miˈðros/

Adjective

ἀμῠδρός • (amŭdrós) m (feminine ἀμῠδρᾱ́, neuter ἀμῠδρόν); first/second declension

1. dim, faint, obscure
2. (in general) faint, weak
3. vague, indistinct, obscure

Inflection

First and second declension of ἀμῠδρός; ἀμῠδρᾱ́; ἀμῠδρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἀμῠδρός amŭdrós	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ amŭdrā́	ἀμῠδρόν amŭdrón		ἀμῠδρώ amŭdrṓ	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ amŭdrā́	ἀμῠδρώ amŭdrṓ		ἀμῠδροί amŭdroí	ἀμῠδραί amŭdraí	ἀμῠδρᾰ́ amŭdrắ
Genitive		ἀμῠδροῦ amŭdroû	ἀμῠδρᾶς amŭdrâs	ἀμῠδροῦ amŭdroû		ἀμῠδροῖν amŭdroîn	ἀμῠδραῖν amŭdraîn	ἀμῠδροῖν amŭdroîn		ἀμῠδρῶν amŭdrôn	ἀμῠδρῶν amŭdrôn	ἀμῠδρῶν amŭdrôn
Dative		ἀμῠδρῷ amŭdrôi	ἀμῠδρᾷ amŭdrâi	ἀμῠδρῷ amŭdrôi		ἀμῠδροῖν amŭdroîn	ἀμῠδραῖν amŭdraîn	ἀμῠδροῖν amŭdroîn		ἀμῠδροῖς amŭdroîs	ἀμῠδραῖς amŭdraîs	ἀμῠδροῖς amŭdroîs
Accusative		ἀμῠδρόν amŭdrón	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ν amŭdrā́n	ἀμῠδρόν amŭdrón		ἀμῠδρώ amŭdrṓ	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ amŭdrā́	ἀμῠδρώ amŭdrṓ		ἀμῠδρούς amŭdroús	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ς amŭdrā́s	ἀμῠδρᾰ́ amŭdrắ
Vocative		ἀμῠδρέ amŭdré	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ amŭdrā́	ἀμῠδρόν amŭdrón		ἀμῠδρώ amŭdrṓ	ἀμῠδρᾱ́ amŭdrā́	ἀμῠδρώ amŭdrṓ		ἀμῠδροί amŭdroí	ἀμῠδραί amŭdraí	ἀμῠδρᾰ́ amŭdrắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἀμῠδρῶς amŭdrôs				ἀμῠδρότερος amŭdróteros				ἀμῠδρότᾰτος amŭdrótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀμῠδρήεις (amŭdrḗeis)
• ἀμῠδρότης (amŭdrótēs)
• ἀμῠδρόω (amŭdróō)
• ἀμῠ́δρωσις (amŭ́drōsis)

 

Descendants

• Greek: αμυδρός (amydrós)

Further reading

• “ἀμυδρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀμυδρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἀμυδρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀμυδρός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN