ḫꜣm

See also: ḥꜣm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɑm/
  • Conventional anglicization: kham

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to bend (one’s arms or back) as a sign of reverence [since the Middle Kingdom]
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 86–88:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n wšb.n.j n.f st ꜥwj.j ḫꜣm(.w) m bꜣḥ.f ḏd.j n.f

     Then I answered him this, my arms bowed before him, saying to him: […]

2. (intransitive) to bow down in reverence [since the Middle Kingdom]
3. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to hold on to, to keep in one’s possession
4. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to succeed in

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫꜣm, geminated stem: ḫꜣmm

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḫꜣm ḫꜣmw, ḫꜣm ḫꜣmt ḫꜣm ḫꜣm ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḫꜣm ḥr ḫꜣm m ḫꜣm r ḫꜣm suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ḫꜣm.n ḫꜣmw, ḫꜣm consecutive ḫꜣm.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ḫꜣmt perfective3 ḫꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ḫꜣm.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḫꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ḫꜣm ḫꜣmm potentialis1 ḫꜣm.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḫꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ḫꜣm.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ḫꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 ḫꜣm ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmw5, ḫꜣmy5 imperfective ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmy, ḫꜣmw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmj6, ḫꜣmy6 ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmw5 prospective ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmtj7 — ḫꜣmtj4, ḫꜣmt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜣm  

ḫꜣm	ẖꜣm	ḫꜣm
[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 231.2–231.12
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 184