ḥꜣm

See also: ḫꜣm

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare with Hebrew חרם (ḥerem, “net”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑm/
  • Conventional anglicization: ham

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to catch (a fish), to fish up [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive, by extension) to fish (anything) out of water [since the Pyramid Texts]
3. (transitive, by extension) to catch other entities, such as fowl, snakes, or the dead, with a net [Book of the Dead]
4. (transitive) to fish with (a net) [Book of the Dead]
5. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to catch red-handed, to catch (someone) doing something forbidden
6. (intransitive) to fish [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥꜣm, geminated stem: ḥꜣmm

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḥꜣm ḥꜣmw, ḥꜣm ḥꜣmt ḥꜣm ḥꜣm ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḥꜣm ḥr ḥꜣm m ḥꜣm r ḥꜣm suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ḥꜣm.n ḥꜣmw, ḥꜣm consecutive ḥꜣm.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ḥꜣmt perfective3 ḥꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ḥꜣm.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḥꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ḥꜣm ḥꜣmm potentialis1 ḥꜣm.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḥꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ḥꜣm.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ḥꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 ḥꜣm ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmw5, ḥꜣmy5 imperfective ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmy, ḥꜣmw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmj6, ḥꜣmy6 ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmw5 prospective ḥꜣm, ḥꜣmtj7 — ḥꜣmtj4, ḥꜣmt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣm  

ḥꜣm	ḥm
	[Old Kingdom]

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 31.12–32.2
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 163