ḥꜥḏꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑːd͡ʒɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: hadja

Verb

4-lit.

(transitive) to rob (someone)
(transitive) to plunder (something) away, to steal

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥꜥḏꜣ (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: ḥꜥḏꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣt	ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥr ḥꜥḏꜣ	m ḥꜥḏꜣ	r ḥꜥḏꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥꜥḏꜣ.n	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	consecutive	ḥꜥḏꜣ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	ḥꜥḏꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	ḥꜥḏꜣt
perfective³	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ḥꜥḏꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	ḥꜥḏꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	potentialis¹	ḥꜥḏꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	ḥꜥḏꜣw, ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥꜥḏꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	ḥꜥḏꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḥꜥḏꜣ	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣw⁵, ḥꜥḏꜣy⁵
imperfective	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣy, ḥꜥḏꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣj⁶, ḥꜥḏꜣy⁶	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣw⁵
prospective	ḥꜥḏꜣ, ḥꜥḏꜣtj⁷	—	ḥꜥḏꜣwtj^{1 4}, ḥꜥḏꜣtj⁴, ḥꜥḏꜣt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜥḏꜣ

ḥꜥḏꜣ

Descendants

Demotic: ḥꜥḏ
- Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱϫ (hōč)
- ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟϫϩⲉϫ (hočheč)

References

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 43.16–43.18
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 164