ḥꜣtj

Egyptian

Egyptian numbers ^(edit)

		10
		𓏺 1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: wꜥ     Ordinal: tpj, ḥꜣtj     Adverbial: zp wꜥ     Distributive: wꜥ wꜥ

Etymology

From ḥꜣt (“front”) +‎ -j (nisba ending).

The noun is traditionally regarded as simply a nominalized use of this nisba adjective, thus literally ‘the frontal (organ)’. However, note the different developments in Coptic. Some have instead suggested an Indo-European source for the noun; compare Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation

 

• (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħuˈʀiːtij/ → /ħuˈʀiːtij/ → /ˈħwiːtə/ → /ħwiːt/

• (adjective): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħuˈʀiːtij/
• (adjective): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħuˈʀiːtij/
• (adjective): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħwiːtə/, with irregular development of unstressed /u/ into a consonant: /ħuˈʀiː/ > /ħuˈjiː/ > /ˈħwiː/
• (adjective): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħwiːt/

 

• (noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħuʀtVj/ → /ˈħuʀtVj/ → /ˈħuːtə/ → /ˈħeːt/

• (noun): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuʀtVj/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (noun): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuʀtVj/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (noun): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːtə/
• (noun): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħeːt/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɑti/
  • Conventional anglicization: hati

Adjective

1. frontal
2. (Late Egyptian) first

   Synonym: (Old and Middle Egyptian) tpj

Inflection

Declension of ḥꜣtj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	ḥꜣtj	ḥꜣtt
dual	ḥꜣtjwj, ḥꜣtwj	ḥꜣttj
plural	ḥꜣtjw, ḥꜣtw	ḥꜣtwt1, ḥꜣtt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣtj  

ḥꜣwtj

[Late Egyptian]

Derived terms

• ḥꜣtj-ꜥ
• ḥꜣtt

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥꜣṱ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit), ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
  • Old Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit)

Noun

 m

1. heart
2. mind, where thought and emotions are experienced
3. (by extension) a jewel

Usage notes

More so than jb, this word is used to refer to the heart as a physical organ; however, the two are often interchangeable.

Inflection

Declension of ḥꜣtj (masculine)

singular	ḥꜣtj
dual	ḥꜣtjwj
plural	ḥꜣtjw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣtj  

ḥꜣtj	ḥꜣt

Synonyms

• (heart, mind): jb

Derived terms

• jwtj ḥꜣtj (“foolishly, sadly (with one's heart)”)
• rḏj ḥꜣtj m sꜣ (“to worry oneself about... (to put one's heart to the back)”)
• ḥꜣtjw (“thoughts”)
• ḥꜣtj n bjꜣ (“tireless (heart of bronze)”)

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥꜣṱ
  • Coptic: ϩⲏⲧ (hēt)

References

• Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 68
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 81.