တောင်

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Burmese

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tàʊɴ/
  • Romanization: MLCTS: taung • ALA-LC: toṅʻ • BGN/PCGN: taung • Okell: tauñ
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/r-duŋ (mountain, hillock), and cognate with Old Chinese (OC *toŋʔ, “mound, peak; great”) (STEDT).

Noun

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တောင် (taung) (classifier လုံး or တောင်)

  1. mountain
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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According to Hill, a semantic extension of Etymology 1, thus "direction of the mountains" > "south"; the proto-Burmish peoples spread from what is now Yunnan southwards, and the Naga Hills and Hengduan Mountains, which form the northern periphery of modern-day Burma, would have been located in the proto-Burmish south.[1]

Noun

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တောင် (taung)

  1. south
Coordinate terms
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  • (compass points)
Native Burmese
အနောက်မြောက် (a.naukmrauk) မြောက် (mrauk) အရှေ့မြောက် (a.hre.mrauk)
အနောက် (a.nauk) အရှေ့ (a.hre.)
အနောက်တောင် (a.nauktaung) တောင် (taung) အရှေ့တောင် (a.hre.taung)
From Pali
ဥတ္တရ (utta.ra.)
ပစ္ဆိမ (pachci.ma.) ပုဗ္ဗ (pubba.)
ဒက္ခိဏ (dakhki.na.)
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (cubit) (STEDT: ʔə toŋ "cubit"), a semantic extension of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (wing, hand) (whence the first syllable of တောင်ပံ (taungpam, wing)). Cognate with Mizo tong (cubit).

Noun

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တောင် (taung) (classifier တောင်)

  1. a cubit (18 inches; 45.72 cm)
    ပိတ် နှစ်တောင်pit hnactaungtwo cubits of (cotton) cloth
Derived terms
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Verb

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တောင် (taung)

  1. to measure by the cubit
See also
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See Appendix:Burmese units of measure.

Etymology 4

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For the "wing" sense, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (wing, hand) , whence Akha [script needed] (dáŋ, wing) (STEDT).

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “The "hard" sense is not given etymology by STEDT (toŋʼ "stiff, firm"). MED groups the "wing" sense together with this implicitly (in the subentries section, as MED doesn't explicitly consider "wing" to be a basic sense). Whether the "hard" sense is truly related is unclear.”

Verb

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တောင် (taung)

  1. to be hard, be stiff

Noun

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တောင် (taung)

  1. (in compounds) wing, fin
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Doesn't seem to given etymology by STEDT (toŋ³ "each / every") or mentioned by Luce 1981.”)

Adverb

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တောင် (taung)

  1. even (implying an extreme example)
  2. not even (after a negated verb)
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Hill, Nathan W. (2019) The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 46

Further reading

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