ਕਉੜਾ

Old Punjabi

Alternative forms

• ਕਊਰਾ (kaūrā), ਕਵਰਾ (kavarā), ਕੜੂਆ (kaṛūā)

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka) (कटु (kaṭú) with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)). Cognate with Old Hindi करवा (karavā), Old Gujarati कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ), Old Marathi 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu).

Adjective

ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā)

1. bitter

Descendants

• Punjabi: kauṛā

  Gurmukhi script: ਕੌੜਾ

  Shahmukhi script: کَوڑا

Further reading

• Christopher Shackle (2011) “ਕਉੜਾ”, in A Gurū Nānak Glossary, 2^nd edition, New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, →ISBN, page 67
• “ਕਉੜਾ”, in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Dictionary, SriGranth.org, 2024
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “káṭuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132