কঠোর

Bengali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit কঠোর (kaṭhora). Compare Assamese কঠোৰ (kothür), Odia କଠୋର (kaṭhora), Hindustani کٹھور / कठोर (kaṭhor). Doublet of কঠিন (koṭhin).

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /kɔt̪ʰoɾ/, [ˈkɔt̪ʰoɾ]

  Audio:

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• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /kɔt̪ʰoɹ/, [ˈkɔt̪ʰoɹ]

Adjective

কঠোর • (koṭhōr) (comparative আরও কঠোর, superlative সবচেয়ে কঠোর)

1. firm, stiff

   Synonyms: কঠিন (koṭhin), শক্ত (śokto)

2. harsh, stern, severe, strict

   Synonyms: কঠিন (koṭhin), উগ্র (ugro), অত্যুগ্র (ottugro), কটকটে (koṭkoṭe)

3. unflinching
4. cruel, heartless

   Synonyms: কঠিন (koṭhin), হৃদয়হীন (hridẏohin), অকরুণ (okrun), অরবু (orbu)

Derived terms

• কঠোরতা (koṭhōrota)

 

References

• Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “কঠোর”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
• Accessible Dictionary, Bengali-English, কঠোর, Government of Bangladesh