कठोर

See also: कोठरी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कठोर (kaṭhora).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kə.ʈʰoːɾ/, [kɐ.ʈʰoːɾ]

Adjective

कठोर • (kaṭhor) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling کٹھور)

1. hard
2. harsh
3. rigid
4. strict
5. severe
6. tough
7. stringent
8. stiff
9. callous
10. rough
11. leathery

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কঠোৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬞᭀᬭ (Balinese script)
• কঠোর (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰙𑰺𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀞𑁄𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ကဌောရ (Burmese script)
• કઠોર (Gujarati script)
• ਕਠੋਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌠𑍋𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦜꦺꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂘𑂷𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಠೋರ (Kannada script)
• កឋោរ (Khmer script)
• ກໂຐຣ (Lao script)
• കഠോര (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᡱᠣᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘙𑘻𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢍᠣᠸᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑦹𑧜𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐛𑑀𑐬 (Newa script)
• କଠୋର (Odia script)
• ꢒꢝꣂꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆜𑆾𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖙𑖺𑖨 (Siddham script)
• කඨොර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩧𑩕𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚕𑚴𑚤 (Takri script)
• கடே²ார (Tamil script)
• కఠోర (Telugu script)
• กโฐร (Thai script)
• ཀ་ཋོ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒚𑒼𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨕𑨆𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root कठ् (kaṭh, “to live in distress”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ́.ʈʰɐw.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐˈʈʰoː.ɾɐ/

Adjective

कठोर • (kaṭhora) stem

1. strict, cruel, severe, hard-hearted
2. sharp, solid, stiff, offering resistance.

Descendants

• Telugu: కఠోరము (kaṭhōramu)