स्तब्ध
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्तब्ध (stabdha). Doublet of ठाढ़ा (ṭhāṛhā).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]स्तब्ध • (stabdh) (indeclinable)
- fixed, firm
- brought to a standstill, motionless, inert
- numb, insensible
Noun
[edit]स्तब्ध • (stabdh) m
Declension
[edit]Declension of स्तब्ध (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
[edit]- अस्तब्ध (astabdh, “unsteady”)
- निस्तब्ध (nistabdh, “motionless”)
- निस्तब्धता (nistabdhatā, “stillness”)
References
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “स्तब्ध”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- স্তব্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬢᬩ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- স্তব্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰤𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀩𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- သ္တဗ္ဓ (Burmese script)
- સ્તબ્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਤਬ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌬𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦠꦧ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂥𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ತಬ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- ស្តព្ធ (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ຕພ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- സ്തബ്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᢠᠠᠪᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘤𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠰᢐᠠᠪᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧄𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐧𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ତବ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢡꢨ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆧𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖤𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- ස්තබ්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩲 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚠𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- ஸ்தப்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
- స్తబ్ధ (Telugu script)
- สฺตพฺธ (Thai script)
- སྟ་བྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒥𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨠𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *stabdʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stabdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ-tó-s. From the root स्तभ् (stabh) + -त (-ta).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Vedic) IPA(key): /stɐb.dʱɐ́/, [stɐb̚.dʱɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ˈs̪t̪ɐb.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈs̪t̪ɐb̚.d̪ʱɐ]
Adjective
[edit]स्तब्ध • (stabdhá) stem (root स्तभ्)
- firmly fixed, supported, propped
- reaching up to
- stiff, rigid, immovable, paralyzed, senseless, dull
- solidified (as water)
- puffed up, proud, arrogant
- tardy, slack, slow
- obstinate, stubborn, hard-hearted
- coarse
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of स्तब्ध (stabdhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | स्तब्धः stabdháḥ |
स्तब्धौ / स्तब्धा¹ stabdhaú / stabdhā́¹ |
स्तब्धाः / स्तब्धासः¹ stabdhā́ḥ / stabdhā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | स्तब्ध stábdha |
स्तब्धौ / स्तब्धा¹ stábdhau / stábdhā¹ |
स्तब्धाः / स्तब्धासः¹ stábdhāḥ / stábdhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | स्तब्धम् stabdhám |
स्तब्धौ / स्तब्धा¹ stabdhaú / stabdhā́¹ |
स्तब्धान् stabdhā́n |
Instrumental | स्तब्धेन stabdhéna |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धैः / स्तब्धेभिः¹ stabdhaíḥ / stabdhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | स्तब्धाय stabdhā́ya |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धेभ्यः stabdhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | स्तब्धात् stabdhā́t |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धेभ्यः stabdhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | स्तब्धस्य stabdhásya |
स्तब्धयोः stabdháyoḥ |
स्तब्धानाम् stabdhā́nām |
Locative | स्तब्धे stabdhé |
स्तब्धयोः stabdháyoḥ |
स्तब्धेषु stabdhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of स्तब्धा (stabdhā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | स्तब्धा stabdhā́ |
स्तब्धे stabdhé |
स्तब्धाः stabdhā́ḥ |
Vocative | स्तब्धे stábdhe |
स्तब्धे stábdhe |
स्तब्धाः stábdhāḥ |
Accusative | स्तब्धाम् stabdhā́m |
स्तब्धे stabdhé |
स्तब्धाः stabdhā́ḥ |
Instrumental | स्तब्धया / स्तब्धा¹ stabdháyā / stabdhā́¹ |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धाभिः stabdhā́bhiḥ |
Dative | स्तब्धायै stabdhā́yai |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धाभ्यः stabdhā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | स्तब्धायाः / स्तब्धायै² stabdhā́yāḥ / stabdhā́yai² |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धाभ्यः stabdhā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | स्तब्धायाः / स्तब्धायै² stabdhā́yāḥ / stabdhā́yai² |
स्तब्धयोः stabdháyoḥ |
स्तब्धानाम् stabdhā́nām |
Locative | स्तब्धायाम् stabdhā́yām |
स्तब्धयोः stabdháyoḥ |
स्तब्धासु stabdhā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of स्तब्ध (stabdhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | स्तब्धम् stabdhám |
स्तब्धे stabdhé |
स्तब्धानि / स्तब्धा¹ stabdhā́ni / stabdhā́¹ |
Vocative | स्तब्ध stábdha |
स्तब्धे stábdhe |
स्तब्धानि / स्तब्धा¹ stábdhāni / stábdhā¹ |
Accusative | स्तब्धम् stabdhám |
स्तब्धे stabdhé |
स्तब्धानि / स्तब्धा¹ stabdhā́ni / stabdhā́¹ |
Instrumental | स्तब्धेन stabdhéna |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धैः / स्तब्धेभिः¹ stabdhaíḥ / stabdhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | स्तब्धाय stabdhā́ya |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धेभ्यः stabdhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | स्तब्धात् stabdhā́t |
स्तब्धाभ्याम् stabdhā́bhyām |
स्तब्धेभ्यः stabdhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | स्तब्धस्य stabdhásya |
स्तब्धयोः stabdháyoḥ |
स्तब्धानाम् stabdhā́nām |
Locative | स्तब्धे stabdhé |
स्तब्धयोः stabdháyoḥ |
स्तब्धेषु stabdhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: thaddha (“hard, firm, slow”)
- Prakrit: 𑀣𑀤𑁆𑀥 (thaddha), 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠 (thaḍḍha), 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺𑀅 (thaḍḍhia, “fixed, firm”), 𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠 (ṭhaḍḍha, “blunted, cold”), (influenced by Proto-Dravidian *taṇ (“cold”):) *𑀣𑀡𑁆𑀠 (*thaṇḍha), *𑀞𑀡𑁆𑀠 (*ṭhaṇḍha)
- Dardic:
- Shumashti: [script needed] (tāṛe, “above, up”)
- Kashmiri: [script needed] (thodu), [script needed] (thaṇḍ)
- Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: ঠান্ডা (ṭhanḍa)
- Maithili: [script needed] (ṭhāṛh), [script needed] (ṭhāṛhab, “to stand”)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Central:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Old Gujarati:
- Hindi: ठाढ़ (ṭhāṛh), ठाड़ (ṭhāṛ), ठाड़ा (ṭhāṛā), ठाढ़ा (ṭhāṛhā, “fixed, stationary, erect, steep”), ठाढ़ना (ṭhāṛhnā, “to be fixed, stand up”), ठंढ (ṭhaṇḍh, “cold”), ठंढा (ṭhaṇḍhā), ठंड (ṭhaṇḍ), ठंडा (ṭhaṇḍā)
- Pahari:
- Nepali: ठाडो (ṭhāḍo, “vertical, rude, gauche”)
- Western Pahari:
- Jaunsari: [script needed] (ṭhāṛō, “standing”), [script needed] (ṭhāḍā)
- Romani: tardo
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Southern
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Marathi: ठाडा (ṭhāḍā, “erect”)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Northwestern:
- Dardic:
- → Hindi: स्तब्ध (stabdh)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “स्तब्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1258/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “stabdha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root स्तभ्
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stebʰ-
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stebʰ-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्तभ्
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives