शृङ्खल

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

शृङ्खला (śṛṅkhalā)

Alternative scripts

শৃঙ্খল (Assamese script)
ᬰᬺᬗ᭄ᬔᬮ (Balinese script)
শৃঙ্খল (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰴𑰒𑰿𑰏𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀾𑀗𑁆𑀔𑀮 (Brahmi script)
ၐၖင်္ခလ (Burmese script)
શૃઙ્ખલ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼੍ਰਙ੍ਖਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍃𑌙𑍍𑌖𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦽꦔ꧀ꦑꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑃂𑂑𑂹𑂎𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಶೃಙ್ಖಲ (Kannada script)
ឝ្ឫង្ខល (Khmer script)
ຨ຺ຣິງ຺ຂລ (Lao script)
ശൃങ്ഖല (Malayalam script)
ᡧᡵᡳᢛᡘᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘵𑘒𑘿𑘏𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠱᠷᠢᢊᠻᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧖𑦲𑧠𑦯𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐺𑐒𑑂𑐏𑐮 (Newa script)
ଶୃଙ୍ଖଲ (Odia script)
ꢯꢺꢖ꣄ꢓꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆸𑆕𑇀𑆒𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖴𑖒𑖿𑖏𑖩 (Siddham script)
ශෘඞ‍්ඛල (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩙𑩠 𑪙𑩝𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚎𑚶𑚋𑚥 (Takri script)
ஶ்ரிங்க²ல (Tamil script)
శృఙ్ఖల (Telugu script)
ศฺฤงฺขล (Thai script)
ཤྲྀ་ངྑ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒵𑒓𑓂𑒐𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨼𑨉𑨏𑩇𑨌𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“rope”). Cognate with Ancient Greek καῖρος (kaîros), Old Armenian սարդ (sard) and Albanian thur. Given the semantics, the second part of the compound may refer to iron; cf. खरपात्र (kharapātra, “iron pot”), खरसोनि (kharasoni, “iron vessel”), खरालिक (kharālika, “iron arrow”), प्रखर (prakhara, “iron armor”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.l̪ɐ/

Noun

शृङ्खल • (śṛṅkhala) stem, m

chain, fetter, especially one made of iron
measuring chain
a belt

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शृङ्खल
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शृङ्खलः (śṛṅkhalaḥ)	शृङ्खलौ (śṛṅkhalau) शृङ्खला¹ (śṛṅkhalā¹)	शृङ्खलाः (śṛṅkhalāḥ) शृङ्खलासः¹ (śṛṅkhalāsaḥ¹)
vocative	शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala)	शृङ्खलौ (śṛṅkhalau) शृङ्खला¹ (śṛṅkhalā¹)	शृङ्खलाः (śṛṅkhalāḥ) शृङ्खलासः¹ (śṛṅkhalāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शृङ्खलम् (śṛṅkhalam)	शृङ्खलौ (śṛṅkhalau) शृङ्खला¹ (śṛṅkhalā¹)	शृङ्खलान् (śṛṅkhalān)
instrumental	शृङ्खलेन (śṛṅkhalena)	शृङ्खलाभ्याम् (śṛṅkhalābhyām)	शृङ्खलैः (śṛṅkhalaiḥ) शृङ्खलेभिः¹ (śṛṅkhalebhiḥ¹)
dative	शृङ्खलाय (śṛṅkhalāya)	शृङ्खलाभ्याम् (śṛṅkhalābhyām)	शृङ्खलेभ्यः (śṛṅkhalebhyaḥ)
ablative	शृङ्खलात् (śṛṅkhalāt)	शृङ्खलाभ्याम् (śṛṅkhalābhyām)	शृङ्खलेभ्यः (śṛṅkhalebhyaḥ)
genitive	शृङ्खलस्य (śṛṅkhalasya)	शृङ्खलयोः (śṛṅkhalayoḥ)	शृङ्खलानाम् (śṛṅkhalānām)
locative	शृङ्खले (śṛṅkhale)	शृङ्खलयोः (śṛṅkhalayoḥ)	शृङ्खलेषु (śṛṅkhaleṣu)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Bengali: শিকল (śikol)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀮𑀻 (saṅkalī)
- Konkani: साखळी (sākhḷī)
- Old Marathi:
  - Marathi: साखळी (sākhḷī)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀮 (saṃkala)
- Old Gujarati: सांकलउं (sāṃkalaüṃ)
  - Gujarati: સાંકળું (sā̃kaḷũ)
- Hindi: साँकल (sā̃kal)
→ Old Javanese: saṅkala
→ Malay: sengkela
→ Malayalam: ശൃംഖല (śr̥ṅkhala), ചങ്ങല (caṅṅala)